Cells and movement Flashcards
Year 7 Science
What is an organism?
An organism is a living thing.
What is an organelle?
An organelle are structure within cells that have specific functions that enable the cell to survive.
Where can I find diagrams of an animal cell and a plant cell?
In my notebook or Google for more detailed diagrams.
What does diffusion mean?
Diffusion means the movement of a substance from a high concentration to an area of low concentration to balance it out.
How is diffusion used in respiration?
Oxygen and glucose moves into the bloodstream where carbon dioxide comes out of the bloodstream and into the alveoli and comes out of the body when we exhale.
Do all cells have a nucleus?
Yes
Do animal cells have cell membranes?
Yes
Do animal cells have cell walls?
No but plant cells do.
Do all cells contain cytoplasm?
Yes.
What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?
The difference between a plant cell and animal cell is that a plant cell has a vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts.
Do plant cells contain chloroplasts?
Yes.
What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane?
A plant and animal cell have cell membranes but you can only find a cell wall in a plant cell not an animal cell.
What are the three most common objective lenses?
10,40,100.
What is the function of the eyepiece on a microscope?
The eyepiece, also called the ocular lens, is the part you look through to see the magnified image. It usually magnifies the image by 10x.
What is the objective lens on a microscope?
The objective lens is the part that magnifies the specimen. Microscopes usually have multiple objective lenses with different magnifications (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x).
What does the stage of a microscope do?
The stage is the flat platform where you place your slides. It usually has clips to hold the slide in place.
What is the light source on a microscope?
The light source, often a built-in lamp or mirror, provides light that passes through the specimen to make it visible.
What is the coarse focus knob on a microscope used for?
The fine focus knob is used to fine-tune the focus of the specimen, especially at higher magnifications.
What is the diaphragm on a microscope?
The diaphragm is a rotating disk under the stage that adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
What is the arm of a microscope?
The arm is the part of the microscope that connects the base to the head. It is used for carrying the microscope.
What is the base of a microscope?
The base is the bottom part of the microscope that supports the entire instrument.
What are stage clips on a microscope?
Stage clips are used to hold the slide in place on the stage.
What is the revolving nosepiece on a microscope?
The revolving nosepiece, or turret, holds the objective lenses and allows you to switch between different lenses.
What is the body tube on a microscope?
The body tube connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
What are the organelles of a animal cell?
Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria and cell membrane
What are the organelles of a plant cell?
Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, vacuole , cell wall and chloroplasts.
What part of the microscope directs light upwards through the hole in the stage?
Light or mirror.
What is the name for the part of the microscope that can be used to adjust how clear the image is?
Focus knob.
Why do we use coverslips in microscopes?
To hold the specimen in place ma dot stop the specimen from drying out.
Where would you find guard cells?
They are in the bottom of leaves.
What is the function of cells in plant cells?
To give the cell its structure and give it strength .
Are red blood cells found in animals or plants?
Animals.
What is the function of red blood cells?
To deliver oxygen to different parts of the body.
Are palisade cells found in plants or animals?
Plants.
What is the function of palisade cells?
Maximises light absorption for photosynthesis.
Are root hair cells found in plants or animals?
Plants.
What is the function of root hair cells?
Absorbs water and minerals.
Are male gametes found in animal or plants?
Animals.
What is the function of male gamete cells?
To fertilise female gametes.
What do we refer to as the ‘building blocks of life’?
Cells.
What are tissues?
A group of similar specialised cells working together.
What is an organ?
A rout of different tissues working together.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
What do you get if many organ systems work together.
An organism.
What is the order of tissues, organ systems, cells, organs from smallest to largest ?
Cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
What are three organ systems we briefly learn about in YEAR 7?
Cardiovascular system, skeletal system and nervous system.
What is the function of cardiovascular system?
Allows blood to flow around the body.
What is the function of skeletal system?
They are their body’s structure and support. They join our body together.
What is the function of nervous system?
Sends and receives impulses and it coordinates the body.
How are muscle cells adapted to carry its function?
Contain filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction.
Is it true that we need every organ to survive?
No we can survive without one kidney, an appendix an a gallbladder.
Why would you it find chloroplast in a male gamete?
Because male gamete doesn’t need photosynthesis where a plant cell does.
What else does a plant need other than sunlight in order to make glucose!?
Carbon dioxide and water.
Why do male gametes have a pointy shaped head and a thin, long tail?
They need a pointy shaped head because it needs to contain enzymes which allows it to digest into a female gametes cell and join with it. Male gamete cells have tails to propel itself to reach the female gamete cell.
Why do red blood cells need a large surface are and in nucleus?
Needs to store haemoglobin (oxygen-binding protein) so it can transport as much oxygen as possible to different parts of the body.
Why do gametes have more DNA than any other specialised cells?
Because they need genetic material from both gametes for the embryo.
What are four functions of the human skeleton?
Provide support, prgect body organs, make blood cells and enable the body to move.
Which bones are hinge joints?
Elbow and knee.
What are hinge joints?
A joint between bones to allow movement of limbs.
What do ligaments do?
Ligaments attach bones to other bones to provide stability around a joint.
What are xylem and phloem?
Plant tissues and transport vessels.
What is xylem?
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upwards to the leaves of a plant.
Why do we need muscles need to work in pairs?
Allows for smooth and controlled movement.
What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
Xylem contains dead plant cells and phloem contains alive plant cells.
How many bones do adults have?
206
How many bones do babies have?
300
Where do the bones of babes go when they are fully grown?
The fuse together to form 206 bones,
What is the independent variable?
The thing you change in an experiment.
What is the dependent variable?
The thing that you measure in an experiment.
What is the control variable?
The thing you keep the same in an experiment.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Keeps the cell together and controls what goes into and out of the cell.
What are the functions of chloroplast?
Gergen discs that absorb light for photosynthesis.
What is the function of a nucleus?
Tells the cells what proteins to make.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Supports the cell.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance where many chemical reaction happen.
What is the function of ribosomes?
An organelle where protein are made
What is the function of a vacuole in A PLANT CELL?
A storage space filled with sap.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Where energy is release from aerobic respiration.
What does specialism mean?
A certain job, or type of work , that you are an expert in. You are really good and professional at that in’s particular job.
What does function mean.
A certain job or role.
What does adaption mean?
Special features that hall with doing a specific job.
What is a stem cell?
A basic cell that can become many different those of specialised cells.
Where are nerve cells?
Everywhere in the body.
What is the function of a nerve cell?
Carry nerve/ electrical impulses to different parts if the body.
Hat is the adaption of a nerve cell and how does it help with doing its function?
A neuron is quite long so it can carry electrical impulses up and down the body over long distances
Where are ciliated epithelium cells found?
Found in respiratory system and female system.
What is the function of a cilliated epithelium
Stops lung damage
What is an adaption of a cilliated epithelium and how does it help with doing with caring out its function?
They have tiny hairs called cillia that sweep mucus and trapped dust at the back of the throat.
Where are male gametes found?
You can see my notebook for that answer.
What is the function of a male gamete cell?
Designed to fertilise female gamete cells.
What is an adaption if a male gamete and his does it help with carrying out its function?
The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into a female gamete and join with it.
Where are red blood cells found?
Found in blood.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Carries oxygen.
What is and adaption of a plant red blood cell and how does it help carry out its function?
Contains haemoglobin and has no nucleus. Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and a red boood cell has no nucleus to carry as much oxygen as much as possible.
Where are female gametes found?
Yin can go in my notebook for that answer.
What is the function of female gametes?
Designed to be fertilised.
What is an adaption of female gamete cells and how does it help carry out its function?
It contains yolk which provides a huge food stirs for the new cell being formed.
Where are palisade cells found?
Found at the top of a leaf
What is the function of palisade cells?
Designed for photosynthesis.
What is an adaption of a palisade cell and how does it help carry out its function?
Tall and has large surface area to absorb water and minerals.
Where are root hair cells found.
Found in plant shoots and plant roots.
What is the function of root hair cells?
Designed for absorbing water and minerals for the lamb.
What is an adaption of a root hair cell and how does it help carry out its function?
Tin cell sales helps minerals to pass thorough easily.
What is a skeleton?
A supporting framework.
Why is calcium needed for us?
Calcium is needed for your digest so that we have healthy bones.
What connects bones at joints?
Ligaments, which are stretchy, hold bones together at joints.
What type of joint is found in the shoulders and hips?
Ball and socket joints.
What determines the range of movement at a joint?
Some joints allow more movement than others.
What type of joint is the elbow?
A hinge joint.
Can bones move on their own?
No, bones need muscles to move.
What happens when muscles contract?
They get shorter.
What happens when muscles relax?
They return to their normal length.
Why do muscles need to be used?
To keep them functional.
What are antagonistic pairs in muscles?
Opposite muscles where one relaxes while the other contracts.
What is total magnification in a microscope?
It is the eyepiece magnification (usually ×10) multiplied by the objective lens used (e.g., ×4, ×10, ×40, ×100).
What are standard units used to measure length, mass, and time?
Length (L): meter (m)
Mass (M): kilogram (kg)
Time (T): second (s)
What are the symbols for different units of length?
Kilometre: km. Metre=m. Centimetre=cm. Millimetre =mm. Nanometre=nm. Micrometer= μm.
How many meters are in a kilometer?
1,000 meters = 1 kilometer (km)
How many centimeters are in a meter?
100 centimeters (cm) = 1 meter (m).
How many millimeters are in a centimeter?
10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)
How many micrometers are in a millimeter?
1,000 micrometers (μm) = 1 millimeter (mm).
How many nanometers are in a micrometer?
1,000 nanometers (nm) = 1 micrometer (μm)
What does ‘A,’ ‘M,’ and ‘I’ represent in the triangle diagram for magnification?
A = Actual size
M = Magnification
I = Image size
What are the formulas for calculating magnification, image size, and actual size?
M (Magnification) = Image size ÷ Actual size
A (Actual size) = Image size ÷ Magnification
I (Image size) = Actual size × Magnification
Are bones a solid?
Yes they are very hard.
What would we look like with it skeletons?
We would look like blobs.
Do skeletons grow with us?
Yes and skeletons are alive.
What is phloem?
Phloem are transport vessels that move dissolved foods such as glicose from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
What happens to the food that is made in the leaves by photosynthesis?
Food that is made in the leaves by photosynthesis is transported everywhere else I’m the okay I’m the phloem.
What is another term for sub cellular structures?
Organelles
What wouldn’t be found in animal cells?
Cell vacuoles.
Which organelles is responsible for providing energy?
Mitochondria
What is the name given to a cell that has a specific function?
Specialised cell.
Which specific adaption allows the red blood cell to maximise oxygen absorption?
Large surface area to volume ratio
What would be a useless adaption if a male gamete?
Lots of chloroplasts.
What does xylem carry?
Water.
What is a structure they would be found in the heart?
Atrium.
What is the job if the alveoli?
Gaseous exchange.
What is produced in bone marrow?
Red blood cells.
Th worst if the misceospoe that the skid sits in is the?
Stage.
The muscles pairs that work in opposite ways to complement each other are called?
Antagonistic pairs.
What stain is used on cheek cells?
Methylene blue
The part of the slide assembly that covers the specimen is called?
Cover slide.
What is not a bone in the arm?
Fibia.
Which process HAS to occur in order for muscles to move?
Respiration-gives energy.
