B2+ Flashcards
What is cell division?
When a parent cell splits into two daughter cells.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Body cells: 46, Gametes: 23.
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What does cytokinesis do?
Splits the cell at the end of mitosis.
What happens before a cell divides?
It grows and copies its DNA.
What happens to chromosomes in mitosis?
They are pulled to opposite ends.
What happens after the nucleus divides?
The cell splits into two identical cells.
Why is cell division important?
For growth, repair, and development.
What happens in prophase?
The DNA bunches into chromosomes, and the nucleus disappears.
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What happens in anaphase?
Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides.
: What happens in telophase?
Two new nuclei form, and the cell starts to split.
What happens after mitosis?
The cell fully splits into two identical cells (cytokinesis).
What is growth?
Growth is a permanent increase in size.
What happens as cells divide and grow?
They also start to differentiate (specialize).
What is cell differentiation?
The process where cells become specialized for a function.
When do animal cells differentiate?
At an early stage; in adults, mainly for growth and repair.
How do plant cells differentiate?
They can specialize throughout life.
What are meristems?
Special regions in plant roots and stems where cells keep dividing.
What is cloning?
Asexual reproduction that makes identical copies.
What is an embryo?
The early developmental stage of eukaryotic organisms following the
fertilization of an egg
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into specialised cells.
