Nutrition Flashcards
This fruit has fat content of 20%, about 20 times the average of other fruits. It is used to make guacamole
avocado
What is the term that refers to a person’s inabilty to taste?
aguesia
Long-term antibiotic therapy can lead to a deficiency of what vitamin?
vitamin K
What is the disease caused by the inability to digest phenylalanine?
Phenylketonuria
What health benefit is attributable to oat bran?
Lowers the level of serum cholesterol
Name the essential amino acids for humans.
Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Lle, Met, His, Leu, Lys
what is the definition of essential amino acids?
amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be present in the diet
what is the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of water one degree Celsius?
Calorie
what is the unit commonly used in expressing energy values of foods?
Kilocalorie
name the fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
what are the 2 minerals that humans require the most?
Calcium & Phosphorus
what are the chief deficiencies of Calcium and Phosphorus?
Bone and Teeth Disease
what vitamin is formed in the skin of humans and animals by activation of sterols by UV light from the sun or by UV activation of sterols artificially?
Vitamin D
Vitamin D increases _____and______from the intestinal tract and is necessary for their efficient utilization.
Calcium & Phosphorus
what are good sources of Vitamin D?
Fish oil, liver,dairy products, eggs
What vitamin is essential for normal blood clotting?
Vitamin K
what are the good sources of the Vitamin B complex?
yeast,liver,bran of cereal grains
what is another name for Vitamin E?
Tocopherol
What are good sources of Vitamin K?
green vegetables such as spinach and cabbage
what is the disease caused by a deficiency of thiamin, and is common where polished rice is a major dietary item?
Beriberi
What vitamin is a strong antioxidant and probably functions as such in human metabolism?
Vitamin E
What common food preservative chemical destroys the vitamin activity and should not be used to preserve foods that are major sources of thiamin?
Sulfur Dioxide
What is the sum of the processes involved in taking in food nutrients and assimilating and using them to maintain body tissue and provide nutrition; a foundation for life and health?
Nutrition
what is a blood condition characterized by a decreased number of circulating RBCs, hemoglobin, or both?
Anemia
what are the small protrusions from the surface of a membrane: finger-like projections covering mucosal surfaces of the small intestine?
Villi
what is the class of compounds of low molecular weight that yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis?
peptide
what is the sum of all the various biochemical and physiologic processes by which the body grows and maintains itself (anabolism) and breaks down and reshapes tissue (catabolism)?
Metabolism
Lecithins are structurally like fats but contain what?
phosphoric acid
what are the biological catalysts that promote a wide variety of biochemical reactions?
enzymes
what enzyme is found in saliva promotes digestion or breakdown of starch in the mouth?
amylase
what enzyme is found in gastric juice promotes digestion of protein?
pepsin
what enzyme is found in liver that promotes breakdown of fats?
lipase
what is the Recommended Daily Allowance for thiamin (depends on age and gender)?
1-1.5 mg/day
What is amino acid score (uncorrected)
The ratio of mg of amino acids in 1g of test protein to the mg of amino acid in 1g of reference protein.
a traditional mediterranean dish is hummus and tahini. What is the major nutritional benefit from this dish?
it has a complete amino acid profile
what is the name given to zinc deficiency?
there is no named deficiency for zinc
about what % zinc is absorbed from a meal?
~25% absorbed; this is not very efficient
On what proteins are zinc transported in the plasma?
66% bound/carried by albumin, 33% carried by alpha-2-macroglobulin
Wilson’s Disease involves which mineral?
copper
what is the common name of hexaphosphate inositol and what does this compound do?
phytic acid: it chelates minerals
what foods are good sources of zinc?
oysters (best). Also meat, eggs, dairy, and legumes
according to the NLEA, only 11 health claims will be allowed on food labels; name 5
calcium and osteoporosis,folate and neural tube defects,sodium and hypertension,dietary fat and cancer,dietary sat. fat/cholesterol and coronary heart disease,soy intake and cancer,fruits and veg and cancer
what are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?
neuropsychiatric symptoms (irritability, depression, lethargy, sleepiness, slurred speech, tremors), keratinization of the eye, dermatitis (around orifices), Diarrhea
name 3 metalloenzymes that zinc is a part of.
Alcohol dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, collagenase
How do lactose intolerance and milk allergy differ?
lactose intolerance results from a lack of lactase, milk allergy is an autoimmune response to milk protein
what is the common name for vitamin B3?
Niacin
what does the acronym PDCAAS stand for?
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (compares the amino acid content of a protein w/human amino acid requirement and corrects for digestibility)
