Nutrition Flashcards
What is a source of energy and promotes fat metabolism, spare protein, and enhance lower GI function
Carbohydrates
What are major food sources of carbs
- Milk
- Grains
- Fruits
- Veggies
Provide concentrated source and a stored form of energy, they protect internal organs and maintain body temperature
Fats
What helps build and repair tissues
Protein
What Pts are on clear liquid diets and what does it provide for the body ? and what are the feeding intervals ?
- Postop Pt, Acute vomiting or diarrhea,
- Provides fluid and electrolytes to prevent dehydration
- Acute illness
- Infections
Between 1-2 Hour feeding intervals
Used for bowel prep for surgery or tests and post op also clients with fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, used in gastritis
Clear liquids
Which liquids are not allowed in a clear liquid diet ?
- Fruit juices with pulp
- Milk
( Must be transparent to light)
What types of liquid/food are considered appropriate for a clear liquid diet ?
- Water
- Bouillon
- Clear broth
- Carbonated beverages
- Gelatin
- Hard candy
- Lemonade
- Ice pops
- Regular or Decaf coffee
- Tea
- Popsicle
- Ginger ale
Are dairy products and fruit juices with pulp considered clear liquids ?
No
May a client have sugar and salt ?
Yes
What is a full liquid diet ? What is it used for ?
- A transition diet after clear liquids post Op
- Clients who is having difficulty chewing, swallowing, or tolerating solid foods, GI upset, Acute gastritis, infections, febrile disorders
What does a full liquid diet include? think what types of liquid and how often do you give feedings ?
- All clear liquids
- Ice cream
- Milk
- Sherbet
- Breakfast drinks
- Milkshakes
- Custard
- Soups that are strained
- Refined cooked cereals
- Fruit juices
- Strained juice (Fruit and veggie)
All clear liquids also - Cereal gruels ( like oatmeal)
Feedings are done in intervals 2-4 hours
What is a full liquid diet deficient in ?
- In calories (energy) and many nutrients
What is important to provide to a Pt. on a clear liquid diet ? Think what food is used to repair damaged tissues
High protein
What is a mechanical diet and what Pt. would be put on this diet ?
Mechanical diet is for Pts who have a difficulty in chewing foods are mechanically altered. But these Pts can tolerate foods with more texture than being on a liquid diet.
What kind of Pts are usually put on mechanical diets?
- Pt with dental problems
- Pt who has had surgery of the head or neck or have dysphagia
What may the client be evaluated for if they still have difficulty chewing ?
- Swallowing evaluation
- May require thick liquids
What kind of texture is mechanical food ?
- Pureed
- Mashed
- Ground
- Chopped
What foods are to be avoided if a Pt is on a mechanical diet ? * Think foods that make your throat feel dry or are hard in texture*
- Nuts
- Raw fruits
- Vegetables
- Fried foods
- Chocolate candy
- Tough, smoked, or salted meats
- Foods coarse in texture
What Pts would be put on a soft diet ?
- Pts who have difficulty in swallowing
- Ulcerations of the gums and mouth
- Broken jaws
- Dysphagia
- Oral surgery
- Plastic surgery of the head or neck
- Stroke
What kind of foods should be given to a Pt if they have mouth sores Think what kind of temperature
foods that are cooler in temp
What can be consumed to increase salivary flow ?
Suck on hard candy
What foods should Pts avoid while on a mechanical diet ?
- All food seasoning
- Nuts
- Raw fruits/ veggies
Low-residue, low fiber, What Pt’s are put on this diet ? think GI
- Used for inflammatory bowel disease
- Partial obstructions
- When GI motility is lowed
- Diarrhea
- Gastroenteritis
- GI disorders
- Lower bowel surgery
What are foods that consist of low in residue think of foods that are not suppose to be eaten when on a diet (carbs and starchy foods)
- White bread
- Refined cooked cereals
- Potatoes without skin
- White rice
- Refined pasta
- White processed food
- Roast lamb
- Buttered rice
What foods should be avoided when on a low residue diet ? `
- Raw fruits (except bananas)
- Veggies
- Nuts
- Seeds
- Plant fiber
- Whole grains
- Diary products to be limited to 2 servings a day
- Whole wheat
- Corn
- Bran
High residue, High fiber, High Roughage diet, What Pts are put on this diet ?
Think GI difficulties diseases
- Used for constipation
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Alternating constipation and diarrhea
- Diverticular disease
What does a high residue, high fiber diet provide for the Pt?
- 20- 35 g of dietary fiber daily
- Speeds the movement of bowels
What kind of foods does a high residue high fiber diet have ? What foods are not allowed ?
-Fruits
- Vegetable
- Whole grain products
- Cracked wheat bread
- Brussel sprouts
- Apple
Foods not allowed:
- White bread
- Pies
- Cakes from white flour “white”
- Processed food
Increase fiber gradually and provide fluids to reduce side effects such as ?
- Abd cramping
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Dehydration
- Gas- forming foods should be limited
What are water soluble vitamins ?
- Folic Acid
- Niacin
- Vit B1 (Thiamine)
- Vit B2 (Riboflavin)
- Vit B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Vit B12 (Cobalamin)
- Vit C (Ascorbic acid)
B1
Thiamine
Functions and where are its primary sources ?
- For normal growth
- Carbohydrate metabolism
Primary sources:
- Legumes
- Meat (pork)
- Enriched grains
- Eggs
- Fish
- Cereals
B2
Riboflavin
Functions and where are its primary sources ?
- Used for energy
- Converts carbohydrates into glucose
- Energy metabolism
Primary Sources:
- Milk
- Milk products
- Lean meats
- Fish
- Legumes
- Liver
- Heart
Niacin (Niaspan)
Functions and where are its primary sources ?
- Lower Cholesterol level
Primary sources:
- Meats
- Poultry
- Fish
- Beans
- Peanuts
- Grains
B6
Pyridoxine
Functions and where are its primary sources ?
- Amino acid metabolism
Primary sources:
- Wheat
- Corn
- Meat
- Liver
- Kidney
- Egg yolk
- Yeast
- Spy beans
- Peanuts
Folic Acid (Folacin) Functions and where are its primary sources ?
RBC formation
Primary sources:
- Meat
- Beef
- Liver
- Fish
- Green leafy vegetables
- Legumes
- Grapefruit
- Oranges
Vit B12
Cyanocobalamin
Functions are where are its primary sources ?
- Nerve or neurological function
- RBC formation
Primary resources : - Meat - Liver (only found in animal meat) - Poultry - Eggs - Sea Veggies
What foods have Vit C (ascorbic acid)
- Citrus fruits
- Tomatoes
- Broccoli
- Cabbage
What are fat are fat soluble Vitamins ?
- Vit A
- Vit D
- Vit E
- Vit K
Vit A
Retinol
What are its functions ? and what are the primary foods sources it could be found in ?
- Antioxidant
- Visual acuity
- Adaptation to light and dark
- Normal bone growth
- Tooth development
- Spermatogenesis
- Thyroxine formation
Primary sources :
- Beta carotene
- Carrots
- Yellow fruits
- Veggies
- Butter
- Cheese
- Squash
- Broccoli
- Milk
- Egg yolk
- Liver
- Fish oils
- Kidneys
Vit D think bones
Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol
What are its functions and what foods can it be found in ?
- Calcification of bones
- Absorption of Ca+
- Phosphorus
- Decreased renal excretion of phos
Primary sources:
- Direct sunlight
- Cod liver and fish oils
- Fortified milk/dairy products
- Tuna
- Mackerel
- Salmon
- Sardine
- Herring
Vit E
Tocopherol
What are its functions and what primary sources can you find them in ?
- Antioxidant
- Production of RBCs
- Muscle and liver integrity
Primary sources:
- Vegetable
- Vegetable oil
- Wheat germ oil
- Legumes
- Nuts
- Fish
- Milk
- Egg yolk
- Muscle meats
- Broccoli
- Spinach
Calcium
Primary function/Primary sources/If deficient in Calcium what are the symptoms ?
Function:
- Bone formation
- Muscle contraction
Primary sources:
- Milk/Milk products (Cheese, soy milk)
- Green leafy vegetables
- Rhubarb (type of plant)
- Sardines
- Tofu
- Yogurt
If Deficient:
- Rickets (Childhood bone disorder, bones become soft and is prone to fracture)
- Porous bones (Bones become brittle)
- Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
Phosphorus
Primary function/Primary sources/If deficient what are symptoms
Function:
- Bone formation
Primary Sources:
- Dairy products (Milk)
- Eggs
- Nuts
- Meat (pork, beef, chicken)
- Whole- grain breads and cereals
Deficiency/Symptoms:
- Rickets
Fluoride
Primary function/Primary sources/If deficient what are symptoms
Functions:
- For dental health
Primary Sources:
- Water supply
Deficiency/Symptoms:
- Dental caries
Iodine
Primary function/Primary sources/If deficient what are the symptoms Think thyroid disease size of a gulf ball
Function:
- Thyroid hormone synthesis
Primary Sources
- Seafood
- Iodized salt
Deficiency/Symptoms:
- Goiter
Sodium
Primary function/Primary sources/If deficient what are the symptoms ?
Primary Function:
- Osmotic pressure
- Acid- Base balance
Primary sources:
- Table salt
- Vegetables
- Milk
- Meat
- Deficiency/Symptoms:
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
