Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCLEX ( fundamentals/MegSurg) > Acid- Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid- Base Balance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

Normal pH levels

A

7.35- 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In respiratory acidosis does the pH increase or decrease, is the respiratory rate increased of decreased ?

A

pH is decreased and respiratory rate is increased to exhale the acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In respiratory alkalosis is the pH/Respiratory rate and depth increased or decreased ? What is retained ?

A
  • pH is increased
  • respiratory rate and depth is decreased
  • C02 is retained
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal PC02 level(respiratory)

A

35-45 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HC0 Normal level (metabolic)

A

22-27 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal P02 level (Abg, oxygen in blood)

A

80 - 100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sa02 level (hemoglobin saturated or combined with oxygen)

A

95% or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In metabolic acidosis both levels are increased or decreased ?

A

decreased remember acidosis is always decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolic alkalosis levels are both increases or decreased ?

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are causes of Respiratory acidosis ? (C02 is retained to Hypoventilation)think everything is depressed

A
  • Atelectasis
  • CNS depressions (narcotics)
  • Sedatives
  • Hypotension
  • Emphysema
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • ARDS (severe shortness of breath)
  • Brain trauma
  • Bronchitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are nursing interventions for Pt experiencing respiratory acidosis ? positions, medications, what will help with oxygen

A
  • Turn, Cough & deep breathing
  • Semi fowlers
  • 02
  • suctioning
  • Reduce restlessness so no need to use sedatives or opioids these will depress respirations more
  • Monitor electrolytes (Potassium Increase)
    Antibiotics for infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are causes of Respiratory Alkalosis Excess C02 leads to Hyperventilation

A
  • Fever
  • Hyperventilate
  • Panic attacks
  • Pulmonary disorders
  • Hypoxia low 02
  • Excess ventilation (mechanical)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Alkalosis ? *Think breathing techniques, Ventilators, Support

A
  • Monitor for respiratory distress
  • Pt. Support
  • Breathing techniques
    • Holding of breath
      • Rebreather mask
      • breathing through paper bag
  • Electrolytes (K is decreased and calcium)
  • Monitor for seizures or tetany administer (Ca Gluconate )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An insufficient amount of insulin can cause ?

A

DKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mnemonic for Metabolic Acidosis * remember this has to do with kidneys and bicarb*

A 
D- DKA (Kussmaul's) 
A - Alcohol intoxication 
R - Renal Failure 
L - Lactic acidosis *think of foam rolling it reduces lactic acid*
I- Iron poisoning 
N- no food(starvation)
G- Generalized Seizures 
S- Sepsis 
A- Aspirin (Salicylate poisoning) 
R- Rhabdomyolysis *think of kidney damage, this releases too many myoglobin in blood stream*
E- Ethylene glycol 
 I - INH (Isoniazid) 
M - Methanol 
P - Paraldehyde
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

A
  • DKA/Diabetes mellitus
  • Insufficient metabolism of carbs
  • High Fat diet
  • Excess Salicylates (aspirin)
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Malnutrition
17
Q

Nursing Interventions for metabolic acidosis

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • LOC for CNS depression
  • I/O
  • Electrolyte replacement
  • Seizure precautions
  • Potassium level ( decrease)
18
Q

Interventions for kidney failure * diet, procedure to filer kidneys*

A
  • Diet low in protein/ high in carbohydrates

- Dialysis ( aids in removing proteins and less acidosis)

19
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis causes

A
  • Vomiting
  • GI suctioning
  • Diuretics
  • Intestinal fistula
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Excess sodium bicarbonate Think soda
  • Mild diarrhea
  • Massive transfusion of whole blood transfusions
20
Q

What is important to monitor in a Pt with metabolic alkalosis Think losis losses

A

Monitor Pt with excessive vomiting or the client with GI suctioning

21
Q

Nursing interventions for Pt who has metabolic alkalosis (What to monitor)

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Potassium and Calcium level remember vomiting causes losses in these electrolytes
  • Medications for kidney excretion of bicarbonate remember soda is high in bicarb
  • Potassium replacement
22
Q

What is Allen’s Test ?

A

Measures arterial blood flow of the hand

Color of extremity should be pink distal to pressure point if not, ulnar artery is insufficient

23
Q

Explain how to do an Allen’s Test

A
  1. Explain procedure to 2. Apply pressure over ulnar and radial arteries simultaneously
  2. Ask client to open then close fist repeatedly 4.Release pressured while compressing the radial artery
  3. Color of extremity distal to the pressure point is checked
  4. Document

NCLEX ( fundamentals/MegSurg) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions