Laboratory Values Flashcards
What labs are included in CBC
- RBC
- HCT
- HGB
- WBC
Normal RBC level in Males
4.5 - 6.2 million cells
Normal RBC level in Females
4.2 - 5.4 million cells
What causes an increase in RBCs? think excess bleeding
- Dehydration
- Polycythemia Vera (blood cancer, too many blood cells that will thicken and slow blood flow causing clots in blood vessels)
- Hemorrhage (early)
What causes a decrease in RBCs ?
- Anemia
- Blood loss
- Overhydration
- Subacute endocarditis (anemia)
Normal HCT level in males ?
42-52%
Normal HCT level in females ?
37-47%
What causes an increase in hematocrit
- Severe dehydration
- Polycythemia Vera
- Cyanotic heart disease (CHD) *present at birth/blue baby
- Severe chronic COPD
What causes a decrease in hematocrit
- Active bleeding
- Hemolytic anemia
- dietary deficiency (iron)
- Hemoglobinopathy ( blood dyscrasias) *low Rbc, Wbc, platelet
Normal Hgb for Males
14-18g/dl
Normal Hgb for females
12-16g/dl
What causes an increase in Hgb ?
Severe dehydration
- Polycythemia Vera
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Erythrocytosis (High Altitude) *think same as polycythemia vera, too many red blood cells
What causes a decrease Hgb ?
- Anemia
- Hemoglobinopathy - Hemolytic anemia
- Cirrhosis
- Dietary deficiency (iron)
- Bone marrow failure
- Renal disease
- Normal pregnancy
Normal WBC Level
5,000-10,000
Normal WBC for a child <2 years
6,200 - 17,000
Normal WBC for a newborn
9000-30,000
What causes an increase in WBC ?
- Bacterial infection
- Leukemia
- Injury
What causes decrease in WBC ?
- Viral infection
- Aplastic anemia
- Immune disorders
Normal Value of Neutrophils
48-77% (3,000- 7,500)
- Infection
- Acute Inflammatory process
- Appendicitis
- Cholecystitis (inflamed gallbladder)
- Leukemia
- Tissue Necrosis
- MI
- Burns
- remember infection is always increased in ?
Increased Neutrophils
- Viral infection
- Sepsis
- Radiation
- Chemo
- Drug- induced (lithium)
Are signs of increased or decreased neutrophils
Decrease in Neutrophils
What are bands and what is the normal level ?
- Bands are immature neutrophils
- Normal levels are 3-5 % (150-700)
What causes an increase of bands ?
Acute infection
Normal values for Eosinophils
1-4% (50- 400)