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Veterinary Assist. Cert. > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

food

A

A material which, after ingestion by an animal is capable of being digested, absorbed, and utilized

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2
Q

nutrients

A

A component of a food that aids in the support of life
Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds
Essential nutrients must be provided in food

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3
Q

essential nutrients

A
  • Nutrients must be provided in food

- Body cannot synthesize

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4
Q

Non-essential nutrients

A
  • nutrients do not have to be provided

- Body can synthesize

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5
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • Main storage of energy for plants

- Consist of: Sugars, Starch, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectins

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6
Q

Purpose of Carbohydrates

A

-Provide energy (calories)
~Low energy feeds-fibers (forages/roughages, Grasses, legumes, grain plants)
~High energy feeds-starches and sugars (Grains, Corn, sorghum, oats, wheat)

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7
Q

Lipids (fats and oils)

A

Organic (plant and animals)
Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
Provide HIGH ENERGY (twice carbs)

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8
Q

Two Categories of Carbohydrates

A
  • Nitrogen free extract (Easily digested, Starches and sugars)
  • Crude fiber (Not easily digested, Cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins)
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9
Q

Sources of lipids

A

Plants: Saturated and unsaturated fat
Animals: ALL saturated fat

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10
Q

Structure of lipids

A

Fatty acid chains: Long chain of carbons with hydrogen
Saturated: All carbons each “saturated” by hydrogens
Unsaturated: More than one carbon-carbon bond bond is double

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11
Q

Protein

A

Basic structure is multiple amino acids

20 amino acids are commonly found in proteins

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12
Q

Sources of protein

A

Plants: Grains, Grain plants, Grasses, legumes
Animals: By-products (meat, bone, and blood meal), Milk
Non-protein nitrogen (protein formed in rumen): Urea, Manure

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13
Q

Purpose of Protein

A

Protein also provides energy

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14
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Organic: Carbon based
  • Present in small amounts
  • Essential for metabolic activity: Growth, development, milk, reproduction
  • Disease occurs when deficient
  • Animals must be fed vitamins (animal and plant products) or vitamins must be formed by microbial synthesis
  • Fat soluble vitamins
  • Water soluble vitamins
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15
Q

Fat soluble

A
  • Vitamin A, D, E, K
  • Regulates metabolism of structural units
  • Dietary intake (animal and plant products)
  • Synthetic products
  • Excreted in feces
  • Stored in body
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16
Q

Water Soluble

A
  • Vitamins B and C
  • More involved in regulating transfer of energy
  • Daily dietary intake (animal and plant products)
  • Synthetic products
  • Rumen and colon microbes synthesize
  • Excreted in urine
17
Q

Minerals

A
  • Essential for various life processes: Skeletal formation, Protein synthesis, Oxygen transport, Fluid balance and acid/base regulation, Enzyme systems)
  • Macro-Minerals (Major Minerals)
  • Micro-Minerals (Trace Minerals)
18
Q

Micro-Minerals (Trace Minerals)

A

-Needed in very small amounts (PPM): Fe, Cu, I, Co, Mb, F, Mn, Zn, Se

19
Q

Macro-Minerals (Major Minerals)

A

-Needed in larger amounts than other minerals: Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Mg, S

20
Q

water

A

-Most overlooked nutrient

21
Q

water supports

A
  • Body temperature

- Body metabolism

22
Q

Water sources

A
  • Drinking water

- Feed

23
Q

Water requirements

A
  • 1.5 quarts of water per pound of feed
  • Amount of water required depends on: Environmental temperature, Need more in the extremes (heat and cold), Body temperature, Lactation, Salt content of feed, Quality of water)
24
Q

Water loss

A

Routes of water loss: Urine, Feces, Breathing, Sweat

25
Q

effect of sugars on dogs and cats

A

Sugars cause diarrhea in adult dogs and cats

26
Q

what acid is required in dogs

A

Linoleic fatty acid required in diet of dogs

27
Q

what two acids are required in cats

A

Linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids required in diets of cats

28
Q

minimum protein in dogs

A

Minimum 22% protein required in diet of adult dogs

29
Q

minimum protein in cats

A

Minimum 32% protein required in diet of adult cats

30
Q

what amino acid is required in a cats diet

A

Taurine amino acid required in diet of cats

31
Q

what vitamin was required in a cats diet

A

Vitamin A required in diet of cats

32
Q

difference between water soluble and non water soluble

A

water soluble vitamins travel faster through the body and are excreted through the urine making it harder to overdose with water soluble vitamins (but still possible)

33
Q

feeding guinea pigs

A

vitamin c is required

Veterinary Assist. Cert. (7 decks)

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