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Veterinary Assist. Cert. > Midterm!!!!! > Flashcards

Midterm!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

potential career opportunities in the veterinary medical industry

A
  • veterinarian
  • research
  • cinical
  • sales
  • nutritionist
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2
Q

scholastic requirements for veterinary school

A
  • science
  • math
  • extra-curriculars
  • all around good student
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3
Q

animals role in society (historically)

A
  • transportation
  • labor
  • food
  • hunting aid
  • farming
  • companionship
  • clothing
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4
Q

animals role in society (today)

A
  • little transportation
  • little labor (if any)
  • food
  • hunting (increase #, decrease %)
  • clothing (decrease)
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5
Q

range of viewpoints in animal rights and welfare

A
  • some individuals don’t treat animals right
  • some individuals do treat animals right
  • what is right and what is wrong depends on culture so it is therefore dependent on the culture and place in the world
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6
Q

animal welfare

A

the humane caring and respect of animals and the needs/requirements they have

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7
Q

ethical

A

knowing the difference between right and wrong

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8
Q

moral

A

acting upon whats right and wrong

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9
Q

animal rights

A

the rights of animals, claimed on ethical grounds, to the same humane treatment and protection from exploitation and abuse that are accorded to humans
(not possible/not good)

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10
Q

what is veterinary medicine

A

the study of and implementation of animal health and management

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11
Q

why a veterinary field?

A
  • to maintain health of the animals and improve the animals health
  • enhance production of animals population
  • increase profit ability of criminal operations
  • increase economic proficency of animal operations
  • to produce a safe and wholesome product
  • to improve the recreational and working relationship of animals and humans
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12
Q

ASPCA

A

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

  • founded in 1866
  • promotes the prevention of animal cruelty
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13
Q

HSUS

A

The Humane Society for the Prevention of Animal Welfare (Humane Society of the United States)

  • established in 1883
  • promotes efforts to care for homeless and abused animals
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14
Q

importance of using efficient, consistent office procedures

A

to create a clean, friendly, safe, and caring environment to care for the sick animals that come in in the best possible way that is safest and most effective for the animal

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15
Q

techniques for difficult situations

A
  • good communication skills
  • no yelling
  • trying to keep the situation calm
  • positivity
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16
Q

effects of verbal and nonverbal communications

A

how someone speaks to you matters

  • posture
  • talk clearly
  • show you care
  • look professional
  • full attention
  • remain calm
  • eye contact/handshake
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17
Q

prevention and control methods used in clinic disease management

A
  • understand how the disease can be spread and control the spread in order to control the disease
  • know how it is transmitted
  • have infectious disease control management
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18
Q

infection

A

the invasion and multiplication of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms/protozoa, and parasites

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19
Q

infestation

A

the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites. It can also refer to the actual organisms living on or within a host.

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20
Q

disease

A

an abnormal condition that affects part or all of an organism

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21
Q

zoonosis

A

infectious diseases of animals that can naturally be transmitted to humans

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22
Q

external parasites

A

fleas, ticks, flies, mites, lice

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23
Q

how to tell if an organism has infection?

A
  • symptoms

- infectious agent is present

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24
Q

direct transmission

A
  • aerosal droplets
  • saliva
  • blood
  • skin-to-skin
  • fecal material
  • milk
  • in utero
  • nasal fluid
  • ocular fluid
  • fetal fluid
  • genital fluid
  • carcuss
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25
Q

indirect transmission

A

-vector
~tick, flea, mosquitoes, flies, scavangers. people
-environmental
~soil, water, air, food
-vehicles
~cars, food bowls, clothing, boots, needles, ear tagging, knives

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26
Q

routes if entry

A
  • mouth
  • nose
  • mucus membranes
  • skin
  • blood
  • teats
  • genital openings
  • trans-placental
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27
Q

why is food storage an issue

A
  • preserve money
  • preserve nutritional value
  • preserve flavor quality
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28
Q

food types

A

wet, semi-moist, and dry

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29
Q

dry food

A
  • lowest moisture content: 6-10%
  • longest (extended) shelf life
  • multiple servings
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30
Q

semi-moist food

A
  • medium moisture content: 23-38%
  • short to medium shelf life
  • one week to one servings depending on package and animal
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31
Q

wet/canned food

A
  • highest moisture content: 68-78%
  • shelf-life is the shortest
  • one serving
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32
Q

factors that affect storage

A
  • temperature (if it is too hot/cold)
  • moisture content
  • humidity (worry about bacteria/fungus/chemicals/water)
  • insects/rats/mice
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33
Q

things to look for in food storage

A
  • damaged packaging
  • swollen/bulging cans
  • rust on cans
  • mold when opened
  • visual signs (discoloration/unusual texture, bad odor)
  • verman infestation
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34
Q

procedures to store

A
  • date food (sooner expiration on top/in front)
  • proper temperature and humidity
  • sealed properly
  • prevent verman
  • store in sealed container (dry)
  • cover and put in fridge (canned)
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35
Q

why is patient care important

A

important for the well being of the animal

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36
Q

types of procedures in patient management

A
  • outpatient procedure: routine/minor ailments

- inpatient procedure: anything that causes them to stay over night/extended stay

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37
Q

micro-envirnment

A

inside cage/pen/stall…etc…clean, bedding,

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38
Q

macro-environment

A

outside of cage/pen/stall…noise, temp, exercise

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39
Q

medical management in hospital

A

fluid therapy, nutrition intake, medicines

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40
Q

diagnostics

A

radiograph, temperature, blood work, urine/fecal analysis, biopsys, ultrasound

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41
Q

goal of patient care

A

to improve quality of life by giving comfort physically (ex: bedding) and mentally (ex: individual attention), giving clean food and water and correct medicines

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42
Q

laws regarding patient care

A

they have to be clean, primates need to have toys, and need to be sanitary

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43
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of living things

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44
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions in living things

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45
Q

gross anatomy

A
  • the big picture (stuff that can be appreciated with the naked eye)
  • macroscopic
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46
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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47
Q

histology

A

4 basic types of tissues and the study

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48
Q

what are the four basic types of tissues

A

epithelium
muscular
connective
nervous

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49
Q

ladder of how the body is made up

A

cells–>tissues–>organs–>organ systems

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50
Q

epithelium tissue

A

covers, lines viscera and blood vessels and is secratory cells of glands

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51
Q

connective tissue

A

provides mechanical support, provides a place for metabolic exchanges, provides a place for energy storage, provides a place for inflammation, provides a place for fibrosis

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52
Q

what is fibrosis

A

-healing and scaring

~platelets act in clotting (step in fibrosis)

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53
Q

nervous tissue

A

provides transmission, reseption, and integration of electrical impulses

54
Q

muscular tissue

A

generates contractile force

55
Q

vital signs

A

T:temperature
P:pulse
R:respiration

56
Q

dog TPR

A

T: 101.5 degrees F
P: 90 bpm
R: 16 bpm

57
Q

cat TPR

A

T: 101.5 degrees F
P: 110 bpm
R: 25 bpm

58
Q

horse TPR

A

T: 100 degrees F
P: 35 bpm
R: 10 bpm

59
Q

cow TPR

A

T: 101.5 degrees F
P: 50 bpm
R: 16 bpm

60
Q

pig TPR

A

T: 102.5 degrees F
P: 70 bpm
R: 13 bpm

61
Q

sheep

A

T: 102.5 degrees F
P: 75 bpm
R: 16 bpm

62
Q

genetics

A

-study of inheritance (heredity)
-how characteristics are passed from generation to generation
-study of genetic codes of body cells
~molecular genetics

63
Q

heredity

A
  • transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes on chromosomes in nucleus of body cell
  • controlled by genes (DNA)
64
Q

alleles

A

-alternative copy of same gene (dominant or recessive)

65
Q

genetic code

A
  • combination and order of nucleotide bases
  • in DNA of chromosomes in nucleus of body cells
  • ordered by genes to build proteins
66
Q

nucleotide bases

A
  • found in DNA of chromosomes
  • bind on pairs of chromosomes strands
  • building clocks of genetic codes
67
Q

DNA nucleotide bases (transcription)

A

Adenine (binds to Thymine)
Thymine (binds to Adenine)
Cytosine (binds to Guanine)
Guanine (binds to Cytosine)

68
Q

transcription

A

-to make protein from nucleotide code of RNA copy of chromosome DNA
~RNA strand copy binds with DNA strand
-messenger RNA (mRNA) leaves nucleus
~shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasma of cell

69
Q

DNA nucleotide bases (translation)

A

Adenine (binds to URACIL)
Thymine (binds to Adenine)
Cytosine (binds to Guanine)
Guanine (binds to Cytosine)

70
Q

translation

A
  • process of protein synthesis from the code on mRNA
  • ribosome in cytoplasm bind to mRNA to read code
  • produces strand of amino acids=protein
  • code of 3 nucleotide base=codon
71
Q

mitosis

A

2 cells with copies of chromosome pairs (daploid)

72
Q

meiosis

A

4 cells with copies of chromosome singles (haploid)

73
Q

phenotype

A

a particular trait that can be observed

74
Q

genotype

A

genetic make-up of a single trait (not visible)

75
Q

homozygous

A

-genes are alike

76
Q

heterozygous

A

genes are different

77
Q

role genetics play in the vet industry

A

-a science study of techniques
-genetic engineering (biotechnology)
~gene mapping
~produces vaccines, hormones, tests, improve production and resistance, produces clonning

78
Q

classification of dogs

A
  • terrier
  • working
  • sporting
  • hound
  • herding
  • toy
  • non-sporting
79
Q

terrier group (dogs)

A

-originally used in catching prey such as foxes, badges, and rabbits,
EX: airedale terrier, bull terrier, cairn terrier, irish terrier

80
Q

working group (dogs)

A

-guards, guides, and herders, muscular, even-tempered and obedient
EX: collie, boxer, german shepard, st. bernard,

81
Q

sporting group (dogs)

A

-hunt by air scent-sective dogs

EX: pointers, retrievers, settlers, spaniels

82
Q

hound group (dogs)

A

-track prey by ground scent
EX: beagles, foxhounds
-hunt mainly by sight
EX: greyhounds, whippets

83
Q

herding group (dogs)

A

-drive livestock, keep animals from straying

EX: collie, australian shepard, corgi

84
Q

toy group (dogs)

A

-pets and companions

EX: pug, pomeranian, pekinese

85
Q

non-sporting group (dogs)

A

-bred principally as pets and companions

EX: boston terrier, bull dog, chow chow, dalmation

86
Q

restraint

A

act if controlling movement and activity of an animal

87
Q

phychological restraint

A

use knowledge of animal behavior

  • animal response to commands
  • animal response to punishment
88
Q

physical restraint

A

-using manual force

EX: body, collar/halter, rope (knots), nose snare, cage, stock, chute

89
Q

chemical restraint

A

-use sedation

90
Q

sanitation requirments

A

needed to provide a clean environment for patients

91
Q

bedding and housing requirements

A

needed to be provided for the comfort of the animal

92
Q

history of dogs

A

-in family canidae
-direct descendents of the wolf
-dog scientific name=Canis familiaris
-domestication a few 1,000yrs ago
-Greece:
~hearding, guarding, and hunting dogs
-Egypt:
~dogs used in war

93
Q

bred based on what?

A
  • purpose
  • climate
  • environment
  • master’s preference
94
Q

serve humans through…

A
  • protection
  • sight
  • hearing
  • security
  • companionship
  • work
95
Q

characteristics of dogs

A

-size:
~height=6inches-40inches @ shoulder
-life expectancy: 9-15yrs
~small dogs live longer then big dogs

96
Q

common traits (dog)

A
  • shed hair once a year
  • non-retractable claws
  • 42 adult teeth
  • pointed canine teeth
  • sweat glands on nose and feet
97
Q

hearing (dogs)

A
  • 2x better then humans

- can hear higher frequencies

98
Q

smell (dogs)

A

-tracking, hunting

99
Q

breeds of dogs

A

two classifications:

  • natural system
  • dog show system
100
Q

dog organizations

A
  • American Kennel Club

- United Kennel Club

101
Q

history of cats

A

-in family Felidae
-domestication a few 1,000yrs ago
-frequently became feral (wild)
-Egypt:
~worshiped and mummified cats
-Eastern World
~eat certain cats

102
Q

cats benefits to people

A
  • mouser/ratter
  • companions
  • aid disabled people
103
Q

characteristics of cats

A

-size:
~weigh 4-18lbs
-readily puts on weight
~life expectancy 10-22yrs

104
Q

common traits (cats)

A
  • 30 adult teeth
  • retractable claws
  • pointed canine teeth
  • whiskers that catch sound reflections (organ of touch)
105
Q

vision (cats)

A
  • excellent nigh vision

- vision up to 120ft distance

106
Q

hearing (cats)

A

-can hear 1 1/2 times better than dogs
-semi-circular canals in ear help to maintain balance
~aids in cats ability to land on feet in a fall

107
Q

smell (cats)

A

-14 times better than humans

108
Q

breeds of cats classifications

A

two classifications:

  • natural system
  • cat show system
109
Q

cat organization

A

Cat Fanciers Association (CFA)

110
Q

beef cattle breeds

A
  • Bos taurus=British origin
  • Continental (exotic)=Europe origin
  • Bos Indicus (Zebu-type)=India origin
  • Composite breeds=two or more breeds
111
Q

Bos taurus examples (beef)

A
  • black and red angus
  • hereford and polled hereford
  • shorthorn
112
Q

Continental (Exotic) breeds (beef)

A

-charolais
-chianina
-simmental
-Gelbvieh
-limousin
-maine anjou
texas longhorn

113
Q

Bos indicus examples (beef)

A

-brahman

114
Q

composite breeds example (beef)

A
  • Brangus
  • santa gertrudis
  • Beefmaster
  • simbrah
  • holstein-friesian
115
Q

dairy cattle breeds

A
  • ayrshire
  • guernsey
  • brown swiss
  • jersey
116
Q

swine breeds

A
  • chester white
  • duroc
  • landrace
  • hampshire
  • yorkshire
  • poland china/spotted poland china
  • pietrain
  • berkshire
117
Q

fine wool sheep breeds

A
  • merino

- rambouillet

118
Q

medium wool sheep breeds

A
  • dorset
  • hampshire
  • southdown
  • suffolk
119
Q

long wool sheep breeds

A

-lincoln

120
Q

cross bred sheep breeds

A
  • columbia

- corriedale

121
Q

fiber goat breeds

A

-angora

122
Q

meat goat breeds

A
  • boer

- spanish/brush

123
Q

dairy goat breeds

A
  • nubian

- saanen

124
Q

light horse breeds

A
  • appaloosa
  • arabian
  • standardbred
  • tennessee walking horse
  • palomino
  • american paint horse
  • american quarter horse
  • thoroughbred
125
Q

draft horse breeds

A
  • belgian
  • clydesdale
  • percheron
  • shire
126
Q

pony breeds

A
  • shetland
  • welsh pony
  • hackney
  • pony of the americas (POA)
  • miniature horse
127
Q

risks involved when restraining

A
  • biting
  • scratching
  • kicking
128
Q

common knots (8)

A
  • halter hitch
  • clover hitch
  • double half hitch
  • half hitch
  • bowline knot
  • reefer knot
  • granny knot
  • square knot
129
Q

dog body languages

A
  • defensive threat (likely to bite)
  • dominant/aggression/offensive threat (more damage)
  • active submission
  • stressed
  • passive submissive
  • playful
130
Q

cat body languages

A
  • ears pricked forward
  • ears out sideways, flattened
  • pupils dilated, ears right back
  • tail may be held aloft or tucked or hooked
  • flatter to the ground
  • “flinch”
  • totally withdrawn
  • posture
131
Q

horse body languages

A
  • ears (more back/flat=more angry/alert)
  • startled response
  • aggressive head thrust
  • moving to attack
  • fighting

Veterinary Assist. Cert. (7 decks)

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