Nutrition Flashcards
How many calories does a 0-6mo old require per day?
115 kcal per kg
How many calories does a 6mo to 6yr old require per day?
95 kcal per kg
How many calories does a pubertal child require?
65 kcal per kg
How many calories does a person require from 15yrs?
60 kcal per kg for males
40 kcal per kg for females
What increase should a child’s intake have when unwell, suffering burns or undergoing surgery?
80-100% increase
What is the undernutrition of IUGR associated with in later life?
CAD, storke, T2D and HTN
What are the humoral anti-infective properties of breast milk?
IgA, bifidus factor (promotes Lactobacillus), lysozymes, lactoferrin (inhibits E.Coli) and interferon
What are the cellular anti-infective properties of breast milk?
Macrophages, lymphocytes
What foods should be avoided if weaning under 6mo?
Wheat, eggs, fish, honey
What are the causes of inadequate intake of nutrition?
Low availability of food, psychosocial deprivation, neglect, impaired suck/swallow (eg cerebral palsy), chronic illness
Which conditions cause increased requirements of nutrition?
Thyrotoxicosis, CF, malignancy, chronic infection, heart disease, renal failure
What are the signs of marasmus?
Weight for height more than 3 SD below median, wizened appearance, no oedema
What are the signs of kwashiorkor?
Severe wasting with generalised oedema, desquamation, enlarged liver, angular stomatitis, diarrhoea, hypothermia, bradycardia and hypotension.
What are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?
Seizures, tetany, apnoea, stridor. Notably seen in
What are common causes of rickets?
Breast feeding after 12 months, preterm with deficiency of phosphorus, malabsorptive conditions, anti-convulsants, hepatic/renal disease
What are the X-ray features of rickets?
cupping and fraying of the metaphyses and widened epiphyseal plates
What is the most common cause of blindness in developing countries?
Vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness to corneal ulceration and scarring
What is the single most effective factor to change in reducing childhood obesity?
Time spent in front of small screens
What are recommended treatments for severe obesity in children?
Orlistat, metformin. Surgery ONLY when mature
