Gross Motor Flashcards
Percentage of children walking by 11 months
25%
Median age of children beginning to walk
12 months
Limit age (2 SD) of children beginning to walk
18 months
Impact of bottom-shuffling compared to crawling on walking time
50% bottom shufflers walking by 18 months; 97.5% walking by 27 months, compared with crawling normal values
Median age at which head is raised to 45°
6-8 weeks
Median age at which child can sit without support
6 months with round back; 8 months with straight back
Median age for crawling
8-9 months
Median age for “cruising” on furniture
10 months
Median age for steady walking
15 months
When does global developmental delay become apparent?
Within the first 2 years
What are the main causes of motor delay?
Cerebral palsy (central motor deficit), congenital myopathy, Spina Bifida (spinal cord lesions), global developmental delay
Is hand dominance and asymmetry of motor skills ever normal?
Only from 1 year
What is cerebral palsy?
Abnormality of movement and posture attributed to non-progressive disturbance to the foetal or infant (
What is the most common cause of motor impairment in children?
Cerebral Palsy; 2 in 1000 live births
What is the cause of cerebral palsy?
80% occurs antenatally due to vascular occlusion or cortical maldevelopment. 10% occur due to hypoxia at birth. 10% occur due to meningitis/encephalitis, trauma, hypoglycaemia or hyperbilirubinaemia or prematurity
Why does prematurity have an increased risk of cerebral palsy?
More likely to have periventricular leukomalacia (PvL) where there is damage to the white matter surrounding the ventricles. Mechanism unknown
What is spastic cerebral palsy?
UMN (pyramidal or corticospinal) damage. Limb tone increased with associated brisk reflexes and extensor plantar response. Tone is velocity dependent, giving the “clasp knife” response.
What are the types of spastic cerebral palsy?
Hemiplegic (face sparing) may have normal PMH and present 4-12mo; Quadriplegic associated with poor cortical development or perinatal hypoxic encephalopathy; Diplegic (legs more affected) associated with prem
What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
Damage to the basal ganglia or other extrapyramidal system. Causes chorea/athetosis/dystonia towards the end of the first year of life. Caused by kernicterus or hypoxia at birth
What is ataxic cerebral palsy?
Hypotonia and ataxic gait due to genetic conditions or cerebellar lesions
