Hearing, Speech and Language Flashcards
Median age to vocalise alone or when spoken to
3-4 months
Median age to turn to soft sounds out of sight
7 months
Median age to use sounds (mama, dada) indiscriminately
7 months
Median age to use sounds (mama, dada) discriminately
10 months
Median age for having 2-3 non-parental words
1 year
Median age for having 6-10 words and identifying parts of the body
18 months
Median age to make simple phrases
20-24 months
Median age for talking constantly in short sentences
2.5-3 years
When is the first test of hearing
Newborn; evoked otoacoustic emission or auditory brainstem response
What is visual reinforcement audiometry?
Assistant plays with child. Noise emitted, if child looks towards it then toy is lit up (positive reinforcement). Useful between 10mo and 18mo.
What is the Symbolic Toy test?
Assesses very early (12-36mo) language development; concept/symbolisation are associated.
What is the Reynell test?
Contains two scales- comprehension and expression. Uses toys and finger puppets. For preschool children
What is the prevalence of severe learning difficulties?
3-4 per 1000 children. Irrespective of social class
What is the prevalence of moderate learning difficulties?
30 per 1000 children. More prevalent in lower socioeconomic classes
What is dyspraxia?
Developmental coordination disorder; disorder of the higher cortical processes. Gross motor milestones achieved normally
What is dyslexia?
Disorder of reading skills, often more than 2 years behind age
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Caused by lesion in the cochlea or auditory nerve; normally from birth. May be profound
What is conductive hearing loss?
Caused by abnormalities of the ear canal or middle ear. Maximum 60 dB loss, may resolve
What are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
Majority genetic. Also congenital infections, preterm, hypoxia, hyperbilirubinaemia, head injuries, aminoglycosides, furosemide, neurodegeneration
What are the causes of conductive hearing loss?
Majority are otitis media with effusion. Also eustachian tube dysfunction (Down’s, cleft palate, Pierre-Robin, hypoplasia).
