Nutrition Flashcards
Functions of protein
Growth and repair
Heat and energy
Manufacture of hormones, antibodies and enzymes
Classification of protein
High biological value
Low biological value
HBV
Contains most essential amino acids
Mainly animal sources e.g. Meat, fish, milk T.V.P. (Protein made form soya)
LBV
Contains some essential amino acids High in fibre Low in fat Mainly plant sources Cheap to produce
Elements in protein
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Amino acids
Small broken down units of the elements in protein
Classification of carbohydrate
Sugar
Starch
Dietry fibre
Functions of carbs
Heat and energy
Excess stored as fat
Prevents bowel diseases
Adipose tissue (fat) functions
Heat and energy Protect delicate organs Insulation Vitamins A,D,E,K feeling of fullness
Classification of fat
Saturated - bad -High in cholesterol -Mainly animals sources Unsaturated - Low in cholesterol - mainly vegetables and marine sources
Too much fat
- Obesity
- Heart disease/stroke
- Some cancers
Classification of vitamins
Fat soluble- A,D,E,K
water soluble - B,C
Fat soluble vitamins
Stored in the body
Water soluble vitamins
Not stored in the body
Vitamin A
Oily fish Fish liver oils Egg yolk Carrots, peppers, dark green vege Margarine
Function of Vitamin A
Growth
Healthy eyes
Healthy skin and lining membranes
Effects of deficiency of vitamin A
Night blindness
Dry epithelia linings
Sources of Vitamin D
Sunshine Fish liver oils Milk Margarine Liver Eggs Cheese
Functions of vitamin D
Healthy bones and teeth
Effects of deficiency of vitamin D
Bone diseases-
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Sources of Vitamin E
Margarine Egg yolk Vegetable oils Spinach Nuts
Functions of vitamin E
Healthy red blood cells. Acts as antioxidant
Effects of Deficiency of vitamin E
Anaemia in a new born
Vitamin K sources
Made in the bowel by bacteria
Green veges
Cereals
Liver
Functions of vitamin K
Helps blood to clot
Deficiency vitamin K
Clotting problems
Vitamin B sources
Meat Fish Eggs Nuts Pulses Cereals Yeast Marmite
Functions of vitamin B
Energy release
Prevent beri beri
Growth
Deficiencies of Vitamin B
Tiredness
Beri beri (nerve disease)
Pellagra
Vitamin C sources
Fruit and veges
Citrus fruit
Peppers
Black currents
Functions of vitamin C
General healthy
Healthy gums
Blood vessels
Iron absorption
Dieficiencies
Feeling “run down”
Scurvy
Slow healing
Anaemia
Calcium sources
Dairy- milk, cheese, yoghurt Tinned fish Hard water White flour Green veges
Functions of calcium
Healthy bones and teeth
Deficiency diseases of calcium
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Dental decay
Sources of iron
Liver
Kidney
Red meat
Green veg
Functions of iron
Formation of haemoglobin (red blood cells) in the blood
Deficiency of iron
Tiredness
Anaemia
Properties of water
Colourless, Odourless, Tasteless
0° freezes
100° boiling point
Things dissolve in it easily
Functions of water
Part of the body tissue (blood cells) Part of body fluids (blood, saliva) Transport substances (oxygen, nutrients) Helps digestion Removes waste Controls body temperature
Nutrients
Protein Carbs Fat Vitamins Minerals Water
What is a nutrient?
A chemical found in food
Fibre is sometimes known as ……
Roughage or cellulose
What amount of fibre is recommended daily
30g
