Nutrition

Question 1

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Answer 2

Disaccharides

Question 3

Starch, Glycogen, Dextrans

Answer 3

Polysaccharides

Question 4

RDA of carbs

Answer 4

130g/day

Question 5

Glucose & Fructose

Answer 5

Sucrose (table sugar)

Question 6

Glucose and Galactose

Answer 6

Lactose (milk sugar)

Question 7

Glucose and Glucose

Answer 7

Maltose (plant sugar)

Question 8

provides food storage, 12-24 hours; liver-regulates blood sugar for brain; muscle-energy for contraction

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

Sorbitol, Mannitol, Xylitol

Answer 9

Nutritive sweeteners - sugar alcohols

Question 10

Saccharin, Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, Sucralose, Neotame

Answer 10

Non-nutritive sweeteners - artificial sweeteners

Question 11

Normal glucose levels in humans

Answer 11

70-125 mg/dl

Question 12

Condition that make a pt 3x more likely to get perio disease and/or other infections

Answer 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 13

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose level drops below ___

Answer 13

70 mg/dl

Question 14

Hypoglycemia symptoms (9)

Answer 14

shaky, dizzy, sweaty, headache, irritable, hungry, lightheaded, palpitations, increase BP

Question 15

1 gram of: Fat; Protein; Carbs; Alcohol

= ___ calories

Answer 15

Fat: 9 kcal
Protein: 4 kcal
Carbs: 4 kcal
Alcohol: 7 kcal

Question 16

inborn error of metabolism by liver; must restrict phenylalanine; avoid aspartame

Answer 16

PKU - phenylketonuria

Question 17

severe protein deficiency; 18-24mos of age, edema, poor growth, delayed eruption & hypoplasia of teeth

Answer 17

Kwashiorkor

Question 18

protein and calorie deficiency; waste away, adaptation to starvation, 6-18mos of age, no edema, poor growth

Answer 18

Marasmus

Question 19

Essential fatty acids (2)

Answer 19

linoleic/omega-3 : vegetable oil

linolenic/omega-6: fish& plant oils (canola,olive)

Question 20

prevents night blindness, maintains mucous membranes; retinols-animal foods; caritinoids-veggies

Answer 20

Vitamin A

Question 21

functions as hormone; calcium and phosphorus absorption, forms and mineralizes teeth; sunlight, milk

Answer 21

Vitamin D

Question 22

in children, softening of bones, bowed legs, enlarged head, joints, rib cage, deformed pelvis

Answer 22

Rickets

Question 23

in adults, calcium taken from bones, bowed legs, bent posture, pain in ribs, pelvis, legs

Answer 23

Osteomalacia

Question 24

aids in blood clotting, increase bone density, green leafy veggies

Answer 24

Vitamin K

Question 25

tocopherol; battles against cancer and heart attacks; antioxidant; vegetable oils, green leaf veggies, whole grains; interferes with Vit K blood coagulation

Answer 25

Vitamin E

Question 26

includes all B & C vitamins, main function is metabolism, deficiencies affects the mouth (cheilosis, glossitis)

Answer 26

Water-soluable vitamins

Question 27

Thiamin, provides energy to brain, heart, and CNS; deficiency-Ber beri; pork, whole grains, milk, legumes, nuts, peas

Answer 27

Vitamin B1

Question 28

Riboflavin, growth and production of RBCs; deficiency-cheilosis, glossitis; milk, nuts, green leafy veggies; sensitive to light - milk should be stored in cardboard/opaque containers.

Answer 28

Vitamin B2

Question 29

Niacin, needed in RNA/DNA synthesis; deficiency-pellegra, 4Ds- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death; tryptophan can be converted to niacin

Answer 29

Vitamin B3

Question 30

forms RNA,DNA, & RBCs; deficiencies- Spinal birth defects(spin bifida), anemia, glossitis, diarrhea; green leafy veggies, orange juice, liver

Answer 30

Folate/Folic acid

Question 31

Cyanocobalamin, build tissue, maintains nerves cells, RBC development; deficiency-vegans, pernicious anemia; animal meat, fortified food

Answer 31

Vitamin B12

Question 32

Ascorbic acid, promotes synthesis of collagen; deficiency-scurvy; broccoli, citrus fruits; smokers and birth control require more.

Answer 32

Vitamin C

Question 33

must abundant mineral in the body; bones and teeth, coagulates blood; dairy, broccoli, soy; deficiency-women, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

Answer 33

Calcium

Question 34

excess excreted through urine; contributes to high BP, heart conditions, stroke

Answer 34

Sodium

Question 35

helps make amino acids & hormones; beans, nuts, liver; deficiency-anemia, meaty/patchy tongue, oral lesions, fatigue, brittle bones

Answer 35

Iron

Question 36

forms hemoglobin; shellfish, oyster, crab, liver, legumes

Answer 36

Copper

Question 37

regulates BMR, thyroid gland; deficiency-goiter

Answer 37

Iodine

Question 38

wound healing, highest concentration found in bones;deficiency-skin disorders; seafood, tofu, milk, eggs, whole grain bread

Answer 38

Zinc

Question 39

measure of energy ended to maintain life at rest

Answer 39

BMR - basal metabolic rate

Question 40

perimolysis and enlarged parotid glands - manifestation of

Answer 40

Bulimia

Question 41

iron deficiency; craving for non-nutritive substances or abnormal food - soil, paper, coal, raw potato, ice cubes, flour.

Answer 41

Pica