Nutrition Flashcards
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Monosaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
Disaccharides
Starch, Glycogen, Dextrans
Polysaccharides
RDA of carbs
130g/day
Glucose & Fructose
Sucrose (table sugar)
Glucose and Galactose
Lactose (milk sugar)
Glucose and Glucose
Maltose (plant sugar)
provides food storage, 12-24 hours; liver-regulates blood sugar for brain; muscle-energy for contraction
Glycogen
Sorbitol, Mannitol, Xylitol
Nutritive sweeteners - sugar alcohols
Saccharin, Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, Sucralose, Neotame
Non-nutritive sweeteners - artificial sweeteners
Normal glucose levels in humans
70-125 mg/dl
Condition that make a pt 3x more likely to get perio disease and/or other infections
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose level drops below ___
70 mg/dl
Hypoglycemia symptoms (9)
shaky, dizzy, sweaty, headache, irritable, hungry, lightheaded, palpitations, increase BP
1 gram of: Fat; Protein; Carbs; Alcohol
= ___ calories
Fat: 9 kcal
Protein: 4 kcal
Carbs: 4 kcal
Alcohol: 7 kcal
inborn error of metabolism by liver; must restrict phenylalanine; avoid aspartame
PKU - phenylketonuria
severe protein deficiency; 18-24mos of age, edema, poor growth, delayed eruption & hypoplasia of teeth
Kwashiorkor
protein and calorie deficiency; waste away, adaptation to starvation, 6-18mos of age, no edema, poor growth
Marasmus
Essential fatty acids (2)
linoleic/omega-3 : vegetable oil
linolenic/omega-6: fish& plant oils (canola,olive)
prevents night blindness, maintains mucous membranes; retinols-animal foods; caritinoids-veggies
Vitamin A
functions as hormone; calcium and phosphorus absorption, forms and mineralizes teeth; sunlight, milk
Vitamin D
in children, softening of bones, bowed legs, enlarged head, joints, rib cage, deformed pelvis
Rickets
in adults, calcium taken from bones, bowed legs, bent posture, pain in ribs, pelvis, legs
Osteomalacia
aids in blood clotting, increase bone density, green leafy veggies
Vitamin K
tocopherol; battles against cancer and heart attacks; antioxidant; vegetable oils, green leaf veggies, whole grains; interferes with Vit K blood coagulation
Vitamin E
includes all B & C vitamins, main function is metabolism, deficiencies affects the mouth (cheilosis, glossitis)
Water-soluable vitamins
Thiamin, provides energy to brain, heart, and CNS; deficiency-Ber beri; pork, whole grains, milk, legumes, nuts, peas
Vitamin B1
Riboflavin, growth and production of RBCs; deficiency-cheilosis, glossitis; milk, nuts, green leafy veggies; sensitive to light - milk should be stored in cardboard/opaque containers.
Vitamin B2
Niacin, needed in RNA/DNA synthesis; deficiency-pellegra, 4Ds- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death; tryptophan can be converted to niacin
Vitamin B3
forms RNA,DNA, & RBCs; deficiencies- Spinal birth defects(spin bifida), anemia, glossitis, diarrhea; green leafy veggies, orange juice, liver
Folate/Folic acid
Cyanocobalamin, build tissue, maintains nerves cells, RBC development; deficiency-vegans, pernicious anemia; animal meat, fortified food
Vitamin B12
Ascorbic acid, promotes synthesis of collagen; deficiency-scurvy; broccoli, citrus fruits; smokers and birth control require more.
Vitamin C
must abundant mineral in the body; bones and teeth, coagulates blood; dairy, broccoli, soy; deficiency-women, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Calcium
excess excreted through urine; contributes to high BP, heart conditions, stroke
Sodium
helps make amino acids & hormones; beans, nuts, liver; deficiency-anemia, meaty/patchy tongue, oral lesions, fatigue, brittle bones
Iron
forms hemoglobin; shellfish, oyster, crab, liver, legumes
Copper
regulates BMR, thyroid gland; deficiency-goiter
Iodine
wound healing, highest concentration found in bones;deficiency-skin disorders; seafood, tofu, milk, eggs, whole grain bread
Zinc
measure of energy ended to maintain life at rest
BMR - basal metabolic rate
perimolysis and enlarged parotid glands - manifestation of
Bulimia
iron deficiency; craving for non-nutritive substances or abnormal food - soil, paper, coal, raw potato, ice cubes, flour.
Pica
