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National Board > Community Health > Flashcards

Community Health Flashcards

1
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

International

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2
Q

IFDH

A

International Federation of Dental Hygienists

International

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3
Q

DHHS

A

Dept of Health and Human Services
(Federal/National)
Healthy People 20/20

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4
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control

Federal/National

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5
Q

HRSA

A

Health Resources and services Admin

Federal/National

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6
Q

NIH

A

National Institues of Health

Federal/National

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7
Q

NIDCR

A

National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Federal/National

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8
Q

AHRQ

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Federal/National

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9
Q

Medicaid

A

Programs for the POOR
(State)
Created by Social Security Act 1965

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10
Q

SCHIPS

A

Comprehensive healthcare for children under 18

State

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11
Q

FQHCs

A

Federally Qualified Health Centers which serve underserved areas
(State)

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12
Q

County & City Health Departments

Fluoridation

A

Directly administer local populations

Local

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13
Q

Study of disease in Target Population

large or small / how disease affects groups or individuals

A

Epidemiology

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14
Q

Number of EXISTING (old & new) cases at a given point in time

A

Prevalence

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15
Q

Number of NEW cases at a given period of time

A

Incidence

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16
Q

Health Variable

Age, gender, race, immune status, genetics

A

Host Factors

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17
Q

Health Variable

Bacteria, virus, fungus

A

Biological agents

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18
Q

Health Variable

Sun exposure, radiation, industrial pollutants

A

Physical environment

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19
Q

Health Variable

Education, SES, diet, substance use/abuse, exercise

A

Lifestyle

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20
Q

Uses of epidemiological information (List 6)

A

1) Collect data, 2) Understand history, 3) Measure disease, 4) Identify cause, 5) Test for prevention, 6) Plan and evaluate

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21
Q

Define

disease or condition that Regularly Occurs in a population

A

Endemic

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22
Q

Define

Unexpected large number of cases of disease in a Specific Population at a Specific Time

A

Epidemic

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23
Q

Define

Widespread outbreaks over a Continent or the World

A

Pandemic

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24
Q

Sample Type
Every item has an equal chance of being selected; reduces chance of bias
(can be computer generated)

A

Random

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25
Q

Sample Type

Based on sub groups

A

Stratified

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26
Q

Sample Type

Select every #th to participate

A

Systematic

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27
Q

Sample Type

Based on convenience

A

Convenience

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28
Q

Sample Type

Based on familiarity with population; high chance of bias

A

Judgement

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29
Q

Variable

Depends on intervention - what is observed

A

Dependent

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30
Q

Variable

The intervention - what is changed

A

Independent

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31
Q

Variable

What stays the same

A

Controlled

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32
Q

Statistics - measurements
Area of spread in a frequency distribution
Most frequently used measure
Affected by extreme scores

A

Variance

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33
Q

Statistics - measurements
Average of distance from the mean
Square root of variance
Affected by extreme scores

A

Standard Deviation

34
Q

Skew distribution to the Left
Scores fall in the HIGHER range
Mean is Less than median and mode

A

Negative

35
Q

Skew distribution to the Right
Scores fall in the LOWER range
Mean is More than median and mode

A

Positive

36
Q

Define

Measures what is intended and is appropriate and accurate

A

Validity

37
Q

Define

Measurement is reproducible by different investigators / examiner consistency and calibration

A

Reliability

38
Q

Define

Ability to identify PRESENCE of disease

A

Sensitivity

39
Q

Define

Ability to identify ABSENCE of disease

A

Specificity

40
Q

Statistical Test

Hypothetical difference between 2 mean scores

A

T-Test

41
Q

Statistical Test

Hypothetical difference between 3+ mean scores

A

ANOVA (analysis of variance)

42
Q

Statistical Test
tests hypothesis
<0.05 is acceptable
1 in 20 possibility outcome OCCURRED BY CHANCE

A

p-value (probability value)

43
Q

Index

Irreversible, measures past and present caries with PERMANENT dentition

A

DMFT, DMFS

decayed, missing, filled teeth/surfaces

44
Q

Index

Irreversible, measures past and present caries with DECIDUOUS dentition

A

dft, dfs

decayed, filled teeth/surfaces

45
Q

Index
Irreversible, measures past and present caries with DECIDUOUS dentition, indicates need for extraction (does not include extracted or exfoliated)

A

deft

decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth

46
Q

Index

Irreversible, REQUIRES RECESSION, only considers root exposure

A

RCI - root caries index

47
Q

Index

Reversible, severity vs extent of inflammation

A

GI - gingival index

48
Q

Index

Reversible, early signs of gingivitis, short term

A

SBI - sulcular bleeding index

49
Q

Index

Irreversible AND reversible, prevalence & severity of perio AND gingivitis

A

PDI - periodontal disease index (Ramfjord)

50
Q

Ramfjord teeth (6)

A

3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28

51
Q

Index

Irreversible, looks at surrounding tissue, no CAL, by Russel

A

PI - periodontal index

52
Q

Index

Rapid and effective, perio health, Special Probe

A

PSR - perio screening and recording

53
Q

Index

Est. by WHO for TX NEEDS rather than perio status, Special Probe

A

CPITN - community perio index of tx needs

54
Q

Index

Reversible, measures oral hygiene, debris and calc, FOR GROUP not individual

A

OHI-S - simplified oral hygiene

55
Q

Index

Reversible, Silness and Loe, used with GI, plaque thickness at gingival margin

A

PLI - plaque

56
Q

Index

Reversible, measures plaque after brushing for pt skill

A

PHP - pt/hygiene performance

57
Q

Index

Reversible, measures supra calc formation after prophy, for plaque control and calculus inhibition, used to TEST AGENTS

A

VMI - Volpe-Manhold

58
Q

Access to care

type of care available

A

Need

59
Q

Access to care

type of care desired

A

Demand

60
Q

Access to care

actual use of service

A

Utilization

61
Q

Exam Method

mirror, explorer, light, X-rays, tests / time & money

A

Type I : COE

62
Q

Exam Method

mirror, explorer, light, limited X-rays

A

Type II : Limited

63
Q

Exam Method

mirror & light

A

Type III

64
Q

Exam Method

tongue depressor & light

A

Type IV

65
Q

Define

Broad based statement of desired outcome of a program

A

Goal

66
Q

Define

Measurable statement of steps to be taken to achieve goals

A

Objective

67
Q

Stages of Learning (6)

A

Unaware, Aware, Self-interest, Involvement, Action, Habit

68
Q

Procedures (6)

Private Dental Practice

A

1) Examination 2) Diagnosis 3) Tx Planning 4) Treatment 5) Payment 6) Evaluation

69
Q

Procedures (6)

Community Dental Health

A

1) Survey 2) Analysis 3) Program Planning 4) Program Operation 5) Finance 6) Evaluation/Appraisal

70
Q

Level of govt that supplies grant funding

A

Federal

71
Q

Level of govt that applies for grants

A

State

72
Q

Level of govt the provides services

A

Local

73
Q

Probable cause & effect; Given as a number between +1 and -1

A

Correlation Co-efficient

Closer the number is to +/- 1 the stronger the correlation; closer to 0 the weaker.

74
Q

Characteristics of an ideal index (8)

A

Simple, Valid, Reliable, Clear, Sensitive, Quantifiable, Objective, Accepted

75
Q

Categories of Indices (4)

A

Reversible, Irreversible, Simple, Cumulative

76
Q

Index category

Measures presence OR absence of a disease

A

Simple

77
Q

Index category

Measures past and present of all evidence of a condition

A

Cumulative

78
Q

Medicare

A

Programs for the ELDERLY and Disabled
(State)
Created by Social Security Act 1965

79
Q

Grant

Lump sum of money given to a group to use at their discretion to meet a need (Support a benefit - anything goes)

A

Block Grant

80
Q

Grant

Specifies where money goes (Supplies only soft bristle brushes for a benefit)

A

Line Item Grant

81
Q

Act

Group health plans to temporarily continue if fired, lay-off, or change in employment status

A

COBRA - Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

82
Q

Steps for a Community Program (4)

A

1) Needs Assessment 2) Plan Program 3) Implement Program 4) Evaluate Program

National Board (7 decks)

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