Nutrition Flashcards
The body’s require consumption of nutrients to support the physiological activities of digestion, absorption and metabolism to maintain homeostasis
NUTRITION
Define as the process by which the body metabolizes and utilizes nutrients
NUTRITION
Refers to the mechanical and chemical processes that converts nutrients into a physical absorbable state
DIGESTION
It prepares food for digestion
MOUTH
The chewing tearing or grinding of food by that fit into fine particles that makes with the enzymes in saliva.
MASTIFICATION
It release lubricating secretions that bind with food particles to facilitate swallowing.
SALIVARY GLANDS
The movement of food from the mouth that continues in the pharynx and esophagus.
DEGLUTITION
Begins in the stomach and is completed and small intestine
DIGESTION
Coordinated rhythmic cereal contraction of smooth muscle lining of the intestine
PERISTALSIS
The process by which the end products of digestion
ABSORPTION
Most absorption occurs through the process of osmosis diffusion and active transport. Water absorption occurs throughout the digestive tract.
SMALL INTESTINE
Pyruvate enters the cells mitochondria and in the presence of oxygen is converted to acetyl CoA
AEROBIC METABOLISM
Metabolism without the presence of oxygen
ANAEROBIC METABOLISM
Refers to the constructive phase of metabolism in which smaller molecules such as amino acid are converted to larger molecules such as proteins.
ANABOLISM
The destructive phase in which larger molecules such as glycogen are converted to smaller molecules such as pyruvic acid
CATABOLISM
Refers to the increased secretion of this thyroid hormones which increases the rate of metabolism.
HYPERTHYROIDISM
A decrease in the secretion of thyroid hormones decreases the metabolic rate
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Refers to the rate of heat liberation during chemical reactions it is expressed in units called calories
METABOLIC RATE
A non metric term or the quantity of heat required to raise the temperatur, it is used to express the quantity of energy released from different foods or expanded by different functional processes of the body.
CALORIE
Express the large quantity of energy is released during metabolism
KILOCALORIES (KCAL)
Each kilocalories is equivalent to
1000 CALORIES
Refers to the energy needed to maintain essential physiological function such as respiration circulation and muscle tone when a person is at complete rest both physically and mentally.
BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)
Digestive and metabolic waste products are eliminated through the ______ and ______.
INTESTINE AND RECTUM
Is the most abundant nutrient in the body accounting for 60 to 70% of an adults total body weight and 77% of an infant’s weight
Water
It is called micronutrients because they are needed in small quantities when compared with other nutrients
Vitamins
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
This act to scavenge or control the level of free radicals in the body to protect it from oxidative stress damage
Antioxidant
Inorganic elements that serve as catalyst in biochemical reaction
Minerals
____ and ____ are needed for hemoglobin formation
Copper and iron
Is needed for the synthesis of phospholipids and prostaglandins and for the formation of some enzyme
Copper
Is needed for the synthesis of vitamins purines and antibodies and for hemoglobin formation
Iron
Is required for teeth formation and the prevention of dental caries
Fluoride
Is the basic component of thyroid hormones
Iodine
Enhances vitamin e absorption and stimulates antibody response to infection
Selenium
Place a major role in wound healing it also maintains connective tissue integrity and assist with the formation of enzymes and insulin
Zinc
Are organic compounds composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen they play a significant role in providing cells with energy and supporting the normal functioning of the body
Carbohydrates
It is known as simple sugars which include glucose galactose and fructose
Monosaccharides
A double sugars include sucrose lactose and maltose
Disaccharides
A complex sugar include glycogen cellulose and starch
Polysaccharide
