Fluids And Electrolytes Flashcards
Used to denote both water and electrolytes
BODY FLUID
It refers to the water alone
BODY WATER
Equilibrium of the internal environment refers to the state of balance of body fluid
HOMEOSTASIS
The body’s fluid is contained within three compartments
FLUID COMPARTMENTS
What is the three compartments of the body fluid
CELLS
BLOOD VESSELS
TISSUE SPACE
What are the two types of body fluid
- INTRACELLULAR FLUID (ICF)
- EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ECF)
What is under the extracellular fluid
- INTRAVASCULAR FLUID
- INTERSTITIAL FLUID
It is a substance that dissolve in a solution
SOLUTE
It is a liquid that contains a substance in solution
SOLVENT
It is a molecule or ion to diffuse through a membrane (covering of tissue over a surface, organ or separating spaces)
PERMEABILITY
It is a selectively permeable (all membranes in the body allows some solutes to pass through the membrane without restriction but will prevent the passage of other solutes.)
SEMI PERMEABLE
It is the largest single constituent of the body, representing approximately 50 to 60% of the body’s total weight
BODY WATER
What is the two main function of water
- Act as a solvent for the essential nutrients so they can be used by the body
- Transport nutrients and oxygen from the blood to the cells, and remove waste material and other substances from the cells back to the blood so they can be excreted by the body.
Water is needed by the body to
- GIVE SHAPE AND FORM TO THE CELL
- REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE
- ACT AS A LUBRICANT IN JOINTS
- CUSHION BODY ORGANS
- MAINTAIN PEAK PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
A compound that when dissolved in water or another solvent forms or dissociates into ions
ELECTROLYTES
How do electrolytes are measured
ELECTRICAL COMBINING POWER
It is a positively charged ions
CATIONS
It is a negatively charged ions
ANIONS
What are the main electrolytes in the body fluid
- SODIUM
- POTASSIUM
- CALCIUM
- MAGNESIUM
A forces that affect the movement of the body fluids through cell walls and capillaries, which carries traffic between the compartments
MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
What are the regulator of fluid balance?
- FLUID AND FOOD INTAKE AND LOSS
- SKIN
- LUNGS
- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
- KIDNEYS
What are the three natural sources by which water enters the body
- ORAL FLUIDS
- WATER IN FOODS
- WATER FORMED BY OXIDATION OF FOODS
Replenished by the ingestion of liquids and food products such as meats and vegetable, which contain _____% of water
6-97%
It is the third source of body fluid that yields water of oxidation
METABOLISM OF FOOD
What is the estimated water loss of skin per day
300-400mL
A person is not aware of water loss
INSENSIBLE LOSS
The total amount of water lost can vary from 100 ml to 2000 ml per day, depending on environmental factors and body temperature
PERSPIRATION
An estimated in sensible water loss of lungs per day is
300-400mL
A large amount of fluid, about 8 L per day
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
It plays a major role in maintaining fluid balance by excreting 1200-1500 mL/day in an adult
KIDNEY
If excrete the largest quantity of fluid
KIDNEYS
A hormone from the posterior pituitary gland acts on the distal tubals of the kidneys to reabsorb water
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
A hormone that produced in the adrenal cortex that causes the reabsorption of sodium from the renal tubules
ALDOSTERONE
A hormone b that is released from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys that promotes vasoconstriction and the release of the aldosterone.
RENIN
The main electrolyte that promotes the retention of water
SODIUM
The homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in ECF
ACID BASE BALANCE
It is used to indicate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids
pH symbol
What is the normal pH range of ECF
7.35-7.45
A substance that donates hydrogen ions
ACID
As the number of hydrogen ions decreases alkalinity of solution increases.
ALKALINE
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or also known as proton acceptor
BASE
pH value higher than 7.45 results as low hydrogen ion concentration
ALKALOSIS
What is the three main control system that regulate acid base balance to counter acidosis or alkalosis
- BUFFER SYSTEM
- RESPIRATION
- RENAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
A solution containing two or more chemical compounds that prevents mark changes in hydrogen ion concentration when either an acid or a base is added to a solution
BUFFER SYSTEM
It is the body’s primary buffer system that consist a mixture of carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate.
BICARBONATE CARBONIC ACID SYSTEM (CARBONATE SYSTEM)
It helps maintain acid base balance by controlling the content of carbon dioxide in ECF
RESPIRATORY REGULATION OF ACID BASE BALANCE
Determines the formation of carbon dioxide
RATE OF METABOLISM
Eliminating either hydrogen ions are bicarbonate ions from the body fluids
RENAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
What are the factors affecting fluid and electrolyte balance
- AGE
- LIFESTYLE
