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NCM 103 (FUNDA) PRELIMS > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Is the basic need of all people regardless of the setting

A

Self care

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2
Q

A responsible for providing individuals with a safe environment through the delivery of professional, quality nursing care that incorporates safety precautions, infection control practices, and hygiene assistants

A

Registered nurses

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3
Q

Pertains to environmental safety in all healthcare settings

A

Culture of safety

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4
Q

What are the eight NSQHS standards

A
  1. Clinical governance
  2. Partnering with consumers
  3. Preventing and controlling infections
  4. Medication safety
  5. Comprehensive care
  6. Communicating for safety
  7. Blood management
  8. Recognizing and responding to acute deterioration
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5
Q

What does NSQHS mean

A

National safety and quality healthcare standards

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6
Q

Maintain and improve the reliability, safety and quality of healthcare and improve health outcomes for people

A

Clinical governance

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7
Q

Create person centered health system. Share decision making involves people as partners in their own care and in the development and design of quality health care

A

Partnering with consumers

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8
Q

Prevent infection, manage infections effectively when they occur, limit the development of antimicrobial resistance through prudent use of antimicrobials and promote use of infection prevention and control resources.

A

Preventing and controlling infection

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9
Q

Ensures clinician safely prescribed, dispense and administer appropriate medicines to inform patients and monitor use of medicines

A

Medication safety

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10
Q

Integrated screening assessment and risk identification process used to develop individualized care plans to prevent and minimize the risk of harm in identified areas

A

Comprehensive care

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11
Q

Effective communication between individuals carriers and families, multidisciplinary teams and phoenicians and across the health service organization

A

Communicating for safety

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12
Q

Safe, appropriate, efficient and effective care of supplies of blood and blood products and patients own blood

A

Blood management

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13
Q

Used to effectively respond to individuals when their physical, mental or cognitive condition deteriorates

A

Recognizing and responding to acute deterioration

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14
Q

To Improve the quality of care during a hospital stay

A

Hospital acquired complication

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15
Q

Events that should never happen in a hospital are deemed wholly preventable by following evidenced based guidelines

A

Sentinel events

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16
Q

In the healthcare settings, accidents are categorized by their ______ agent

A

Causative

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17
Q

What are the types of accident

A
  1. Persons behavior accident s
  2. Therapeutic procedures accidents
  3. Equipment accidents
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18
Q

This accident occur when the person behavior or action precipitate the incident

A

Personal behavior accidents

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19
Q

Poisoning or overdose from intentional hoarding of medication

A

Personal behaviour accidents

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20
Q

Falls while sedated or weekend people not asking for assistant

A

Personal behavior accidents

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21
Q

Self inflicted cuts and bruises

A

Personal behavior accidents

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22
Q

This type of accident occur during the delivery of medical or nursing interventions

A

Therapeutic procedure accidents

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23
Q

Medication errors

A

Therapeutic procedure accidents

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24
Q

Trauma or falls during transfers

A

Therapeutic procedures accident

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25
Q

Contamination of sterile instruments are wounds

A

Therapeutic procedure accident

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26
Q

Improper performance of nursing activities such as using too high ascetic on assumption when clearing an airway

A

Therapeutic procedure accident

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27
Q

This accident result from the malfunction and improper use of medical equipment

A

Equipment accidents

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28
Q

Electrocution or fire

A

Equipment accidents

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29
Q

Is a health professionals understanding of their own personal culture and how the related values may impact on the provision of care to a person regardless of culture

A

Cultural safety

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30
Q

Is the embedded value system within a society that supports and allows discrimination establishing barriers to quality healthcare for some

A

Institutional or systemic racism

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31
Q

Is a thoughtless and hurtful remark that relies on negative stereotypes or prejudice about someone’s race often not directed to an individual

A

Casual racism

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32
Q

Is a common occupational condition for HCW. It is an inflammatory skin condition caused by workplace substances that damage the skin

A

Contact dermatitis

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33
Q

What are the three types of contact dermatitis

A
  1. Irritant
  2. Allergic
  3. Contact urticaria
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34
Q

It is the most common type of contact dermatitis where excessive exposure to water, use of soaps, dry weather, extended use of glove and glove powder

A

Irritant

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35
Q

This type of contact dermatitis present similarity and develops over several contacts with the allergen but is a lifelong condition whenever the substance is touch

A

Allergic

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36
Q

This type of contact dermatitis in develops within minutes of contact causing red, itchy skin, burning, tingling in the area

A

Contact urticaria

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37
Q

Healthcare institutions care for people of all sizes and weights

A

Work related musculoskeletal disorders

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38
Q

Part of working as a nurse. It keeps you alert and attending to the situation. However chronic stress can contribute to poor health and increased accidents

A

Stress in nursing

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39
Q

The interaction between the agent the host and the environment causes disease this is influenced by the _______.

A

Chain of infection

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40
Q

Is an entity that can cause disease.

A

Agent

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41
Q

This agent is a living organism that invade the host for example is bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa

A

Biological agents

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42
Q

This agents are substances that can interact with the body for example as pesticides, food additives, medications and industrial chemicals

A

Chemical agents

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43
Q

This agents factors in the environment for example heat, light, noise, radiation and machinery.

A

Physical agents

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44
Q

Is a simple or complex organism that can be affected by an agent. Generally a human being.

A

Host

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45
Q

Is the person who lacks resistance to an agent and is thus vulnerable to disease

A

Susceptible host

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46
Q

Is a person whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired and who is therefore susceptible to infection

A

Compromised host

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47
Q

Interaction between agent and the host occurs in the

A

Environment

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48
Q

Microorganism that cause disease in humans are called

A

Pathogens

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49
Q

Is the ability of microorganism to produce disease

A

Pathogenicity

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50
Q

What are the examples of pathogens

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa
Rickettsia

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51
Q

Is the degree of pathogenicity of an infectious microorganism

A

Virulence

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52
Q

True or false. The term infection and colonization are not synonymous

A

True

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53
Q

Is an invasion and a multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that result in cellular injury.

A

Infection

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54
Q

Multiplication of microorganism in body tissues that results in cellular activity are called

A

Infectious agents

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55
Q

Is the multiplication of microorganism on or within a host that does not result in cellular injury

A

Colonisation

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56
Q

Describes the phenomenon of developing an infectious process

A

Chain of infection

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57
Q

What are involved in interactive process

A

Agent, host and environment

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58
Q

A response to protect the host from all microorganisms

A

Non-specific immune defense

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59
Q

An immune response that is specific to the invading antigen

A

Specific immune defense

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60
Q

Are proteins substances that counteract and neutralize the effect of antigenic toxins and destroy bacteria and other cells

A

Antibodies

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61
Q

The formation of antibodies

A

Acquired immunity

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62
Q

Provides acquired immunity against specific diseases

A

Vaccination

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63
Q

Are used either in a killed by heat chemicals state or alive attitude weakened

A

Whole pathogen vaccine

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64
Q

Are disease toxins that have been altered so they cannot cause the disease

A

Toxoids

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65
Q

Vaccine use components of the pathogen to induce an immune response

A

Subunit conjugate or polysaccharide

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66
Q

Are limited to a defined area or a single organ with symptoms that resemble inflammation

A

Localized infection

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67
Q

Affect the entire body and involved multiple organs

A

Systemic infections

68
Q

One that has appeared in a population for the first time or may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

A

Emerging infections

69
Q

Are infectious acquired in the hospital or other health care facilities that were not present or incubating at the time of the person’s admission

A

Healthcare associated infections

70
Q

Is the science of health

71
Q

Is an extension of providing safety for the hospitalized person and protecting their defense mechanism

A

Personal hygiene

72
Q

What are the factors affecting hygiene

A

Body image
Social and cultural practices
Personal preferences
Socio-economic status
Knowledge

73
Q

Is the process that bridges the gap between the portal of exit of the biological agent from the reservoir or source and the portal of entry of the susceptible new host

A

Modes of transmission

74
Q

Which involves the direct physical transfer of an agent from an infected person to a host through direct contact or closed contact with contaminated secretions

A

Contact transmission

75
Q

Occurs when a susceptible host contacts minute droplet nuclei or dust particles that are suspended in the air

A

Airborne transmission

76
Q

Infectious spread when the droplets from sneezes coughs shouting land on inanimate objects called fomites

A

Indirect contact

77
Q

Occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by contaminated inanimate objects such as water, food, milk, medications or blood

A

Vehicle transmission

78
Q

Occurs when an agent is transferred to a susceptible host by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, lice and other animals

A

Vector borne transmission

79
Q

Applying proper infection control practices to interrupt the mode of transmission

A

Breaking the chain of infection

80
Q

Are substances prescribed by the prescribing practitioner to help in the treatment, relief or cure the cause of the person’s health alterations or in the prevention of such alteration

A

Medication

81
Q

Refers to the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of medications to determine the relationship between the those of a medication and its concentration in biological fluids

A

Pharmacokinetics

82
Q

The passage of a medication from the site of administration into the bloodstream

A

Absorption

83
Q

Is the rate at which a medication becomes a solution. After ingestion appeal capsule or tablet must disintegrate before it can be dissolved and then absorbed by the body for therapeutic use.

A

Dissolution

84
Q

Refers to the movement of medications from the blood into various body fluids and tissues

A

Distribution

85
Q

Also known as bio transformation that refers to the physical and chemical processing of the medication

A

Metabolism

86
Q

What is the primary source of metabolism

87
Q

Is the process by which medications are eliminated from the body

88
Q

What is the abbreviation for twice a day

89
Q

What is the abbreviation for thrice a day

90
Q

What is the abbreviation for once a day

91
Q

What is the abbreviation for four times a day

92
Q

What is the abbreviation for as needed

93
Q

What is the abbreviation of now

94
Q

What is the abbreviation of intravenous

95
Q

What is the abbreviation of intramuscular

96
Q

What is the abbreviation of intradermal

97
Q

What is the abbreviation of per orem

98
Q

What is the abbreviation of sublingual

99
Q

What is the abbreviation for subcutaneous

100
Q

Non therapeutic, mild and predictable effects of medication

A

Side effects

101
Q

Unexpected effect and potentially hazardous

A

Adverse effect

102
Q

What are the different types of adverse reaction

A
  • medication allergy
  • medication tolerance
  • toxic effect
  • idiosyncratic reaction
103
Q

A type of adverse reaction which is also called as hypersensitivity

A

Medication allergy

104
Q

A type of adverse reaction occur when the body becomes so a custom to a specific medication that larger doses are needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect.

A

Medication tolerance

105
Q

A type of adverse reaction that occurs when the body cannot metabolize a medication, causing the medication to accumulate in the blood.

A

Toxic effect

106
Q

A type of adverse reaction that is highly unpredictable response that may be manifested by an over response, under response or a typical response.

A

Idiosyncratic reaction

107
Q

The study of the effects of medication on living organism

A

Pharmacology

108
Q

Responsible for filing prescriptions and for making sure that they are valid entries. They also plans, monitoring for in compatibility and at times recommending the best time to administer a medication to obtain therapeutic benefit.

A

Pharmacist

109
Q

Responsible for teaching people to self administer medication like insulin and for assessing their ability to self administer correctly.

110
Q

What are the seven parts in medication order

A
  1. Name of receiving person and their MRN (medical record number)
  2. Date and time.
  3. Name of medication to be administered
  4. Dosage
  5. Route in which medication must be administered and special instructions
  6. Time of administration and frequency
  7. The name and signature of the prescribing practitioner
111
Q

What are the six rights of medication administration

A
  1. Right medication
  2. Right dose
  3. Right person
  4. Right route
  5. Right time
  6. Right documentation
112
Q

When administering a medication check the label written on container against the MAR at least three times before giving the medication

A

Right medication

113
Q

Careful calculation is especially important when the prescribing practitioner orders a unit of measurement different from what is supplied by the pharmacy.

A

Right dose

114
Q

Identify the person by using at least two identifiers her name, identification band, and birthdate

A

Right person

115
Q

What is the third identifier for the right person

116
Q

The route of the medication is specified in the written order. Consult the prescribing practitioner whenever a route is not identified in the prescription

A

Right route

117
Q

Medication is generally ordered on a schedules some medication must be given at a certain time for proper therapeutic effect.

A

Right time

118
Q

What are the different angle of injection

A
  1. Intramuscular
  2. Subcutaneous
  3. Intravenous
  4. Intradermal
119
Q

Has a long association with health maintenance and disease prevention and treatment, particularly chronic disease and the demand for its increasing.

A

Traditional Medicine (TM)

120
Q

It is the term generally used to encompass diverse therapies and health products used to prevent, treat or manage illness

A

Complementary Medicine (CM)

121
Q

Healing system integrated the mind, body, and spirit into a system of balance energy between the individual and the universe

A

Traditional healing system

122
Q

This ancient time culture perceived health as maintenance of balance in all dimensions of life.

A

Ancient greece

123
Q

God of healing

124
Q

In china people believe in a life energy called ____ which represents an invisible energy flow circulating through plants, animals and people as well as through the universe

125
Q

Is an essential component of TCM which promote balance, use of herbs for dual purposes.

126
Q

It is an intricate system and compassing balance of body, mind and spirit as well as balance between people, their environments and the larger cosmos.

A

Ayurvedic medicine

127
Q

Refers to a concentrated area of energy.

128
Q

Intervention may consist of yoga, herbs, diet, exercise, steam baths, cathartics, and detoxifying massage

129
Q

Views a person as a collection of separate body parts, has been less effective in treating chronic conditions such as hypertension and arthritis.

A

Allopathic medicine

130
Q

The absence of disease

131
Q

Curing the disease or fixing the problem for example trauma

A

Treatment goals

132
Q

Focuses on ridding to the body of clinical manifestation induced by disease or injury.

A

Biomedical model

133
Q

Also known as biomedicine or refers to as allopathic medicine

A

Modern medicine

134
Q

The biomedical model is founded on the dualistic belief that mind, body and spirit are separate entities. An inseparable connection and operation of thoughts feelings and psychological function.

A

Body mind medicine

135
Q

Refers to the concept that whole is greater than the sum of its part.

136
Q

Describe as the art and science of carry for the whole person, knowing that each person is unique in all expressions of self.

A

Holistic nursing

137
Q

The word healing is derived from the anglo-saxon word ____which means to make whole, to move towards, or to become whole.

138
Q

Methods by which a person can consciously control some sympathetic nervous system functions.

A

Body mind therapies

139
Q

Offers a way for a person to reduce stress, it may contract the effects of long term stress which can contribute to or where sun arranged of health problems.

A

Relaxation therapy

140
Q

Is a type of body mind medicine that includes group of techniques. Its effect are mediated by the endocrine system which influences mental health and feelings of well-being.

A

Medication

141
Q

A person focuses their complete attention on the present moment, temporarily stops negative thinking and related anxiety.

A

Mindfulness

142
Q

Is a type of thinking without words in which the senses are used to evoke one’s imagination.

A

Guided imagery

143
Q

A measure of psychological responses that yield information about the relationship between the mind and the body and helps people change this response through mental activity.

A

Biofeedback

144
Q

Allows a person to see the effect of the mind on the body

A

Biofeedback

145
Q

Useful in training people to purposefully warm their hands to treat reynolds disease a circulatory disorder

A

Temperature biofeedback

146
Q

Is becoming more accepted as a therapeutic intervention although misconception about the practice ____ remain common.

147
Q

A state of wholeness or health is dependent not only on one’s relationship to the physical or and interpersonal environment but also on the spiritual aspect of self.

A

Spiritual therapies

148
Q

Ritualized practice has been used to keep peace with the great spirits to harness their power, to promote power and to prevent death

A

Shamanistic tradition

149
Q

Practice of entering altered consciousness states with the intent of helping others

150
Q

A term adapted by anthropologist to refer to those known in the west as medicine men, witch doctors, witches, magicians or seers

151
Q

It is a manipulative and body based therapist to prevent and reverse the expression of inflammatory mediators to maintain homeostasis.

152
Q

What are the three main elements of yoga

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Movement
  3. Posture
153
Q

Consists of series of sequential, dance like moves connected in a smooth flowing process.

154
Q

Spinal column manipulation is useful in elevating a variety of ills

A

Chiropractic

155
Q

Is the application of pressure and motion by the hands with the intent of improving the recipients well-being

A

Therapeutic massage

156
Q

Is the use of needles inserted at specific points of the body to promote healing

A

Acupuncture

157
Q

Pressing specific points on the foot stimulates energy movement and produces relaxation, reduces stress and promotes health by relieving pressures and accumulation of toxins in the corresponding body part to aid healing.

A

Reflexology

158
Q

Energy balance or harmony involves biopsychosocial and spiritual integration commonly expressed as physical and spiritual healing

A

Energy therapies

159
Q

Refers to any natural substances found in plant or animal foods acting as protective or healing agents.

A

Nutraceuticals

160
Q

Also known as phytochemicals that are found in plants

A

Phytonutrients

161
Q

Human made or naturally occurring substances that reacts with or devour free radicals preventing them from damaging cells and from altering DNA

A

Antioxidants and free radicals

162
Q

A powerful tool in traditional healing for centuries

A

Herbal medicine

163
Q

Is the therapeutic use of concentrated essences are essentials oil extracted from plants or flowers

A

Aromatherapy

164
Q

Therapeutic use of specifically selected animals may be particularly help with older adults

A

Animal assisted therapy

165
Q

Characterized by using specific qualities of music within a therapeutic relationship with a music therapist.

A

Music therapy

NCM 103 (FUNDA) PRELIMS (7 decks)

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