Nutrition Flashcards
List the major dietary sources for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, plant sources, glycogen in meats
Lipids:Meats,eggs, milk, lard, plant oils, fish, nuts
Protein: Meat, cheese, nuts, legumes, fish
Describe how cells use carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Carbohydrates: Energy
Lipids: Energy storage, cell structure, vitamins, make up membrane
Protein: Structural support, enzymes and signaling growth and development
Describe how human cells utilize lipids (i.e. the process of beta-oxidation).
-Process where fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-COA which enters krebs cycle to generate ATP
Explain how cells utilize amino acids and name the two major metabolic wastes that result.
Build proteins and break them down for energy when in excess
-urea and ammonia
Discuss the factors that determine an individual’s energy requirements.
-Gender, body size, body temp, endocrine functions
Explain what is meant by the term desirable weight.
Balance of food equaling caloric output from BMR and muscular activities
-Positive balance equals weight gain
Overweight-10-20% above
Obese: 20% above desired weight(excess adipose tissue)
Be able to explain the significance of the two main types of cellular respiration in terms of ATP production
Aerobic(requires oxygen) yields more ATP (32 molecules)
Anaerobic produces 2 ATP
Distinguish between a vitamin and mineral in terms of size and function.
Vitamins: Organic compounds, used in small amounts, aids in enhancing enzyme activity, good for growth and health
Minerals: Inorganic( no carbon), help with functioning of cells, not easily broken down by heat, air, or acid
Distinguish between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and explain which enters cells more easily.
Fat soluble: Dissolve in fat and stored in body
Water soluble: dissolve in water, not stored and readily excreted
Water soluble passes through easier( phospholipid membrane of cell)
Discuss the major disorders/diseases that result from an insufficiencies of the above vitamin/minerals.
Review the major minerals and trace minerals and give a function for each.
Discuss the components of an adequate diet.
Macronutrients( carbohydrates, proteins, fats)
Micronutrients( vitamins and minerals)
Fiber
Water
Energy
Distinguish between primary and secondary malnutrition.
Primary= Malnutrition from diet alone
Secondary= diet is sufficient, but nutrients cannot be absorbed
Compare and contrast anorexia and bulimia nervosa in terms of behavior(s) exhibited, and prospective health dangers.
Anorexia involves restricting food
Bulimia involves binging with large amounts of food then purging by vomiting
