Immune Response

Question 1

List physical barriers to pathogens in human body

Answer 1

-Epidermis(skin)
-Mucous membranes (first line of defense)
-Mucus hairs
-Cilia(respiratory tract)

Question 2

List the chemical barriers to pathogens in human body

Answer 2

-Sebrum(acidic film over skin)
-Lysosome(tears,saliva,nasal secretions)
-Gastric juice(stomach)
-Vaginal Secretion

Question 3

Outline main leukocytes involved in nonspecific immunity

Answer 3

-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
-Monocytes
-NK Cells (lymphocytes)

Question 4

Describe steps in inflammatory response

Answer 4

-Vasodilation leads to hyperemia

Stimulates permeability of blood capillaries

Question 5

Identify the types of lymphocytes which function in specific immunity

Answer 5

-80% T Cells(Cell mediated)
-15% B Cells( antibody mediated)
-5% NK cells (non specific immunity)

Question 6

Identify role antigens play in specific immunity

Answer 6

Trigger immune response
-Complex molecules (>10000 amu, unique structure
-Antigenic determinants
Simulate immune response

Question 7

Explain the importance of MHCs types I & II

Answer 7

MCH 1- found on nearly all nucleated cells

-display peptides produced on host cells

-eliminate infected or cancerous cells

MCH 2- found only on antigen presenting cells

-Stimulate helper t cells (cd4 cells)

-initiate and coordinate adaptive immune response against extra cellular pathogens

Question 8

Describe how the cell mediated immune system reacts to invasion by a pathogen

Answer 8

Cytotoxic T cells: Carry out attack

Helper T cells:Promote T cells and B cells action and non specific defense mechanisms

Suppressor T cells: Limit cell mediated attack

Memory T cells:Provide immunity from future

Question 9

Compare and contrast primary and secondary immune response

Answer 9

Primary is first encounter to foreign antigen

-Slower response
-lower antibody production (IgM)
-Memory cell formation
-lag phase
-effector cells

Secondary is faster and facilitated by memory cells

-memory cell activation i
-isotope switching (produces IgG)
-elimination of pathogen

Question 10

Compare and contrast active against passive immunity

Answer 10

Natural Active: Produces memory cells
-production of one’s own antibodies or t cells as result of infection

Artificial active: Produces memory cells
-production of one’s own antibodies or t cells as result of vaccination

Natural passive:(Through placenta, milk) temporary, fetus squires antibodies from mother

Artificial passive:Snake bite, rabies, tetanus

Question 11

List and give examples of the four types of Hypersensitives

Answer 11

Type 1(immediate)Anaphylaxis and asthma

Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and good pastures exposure

Type 3(Immune complex mediated) Serum sickness, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus

Type 4(delayed) Contact dermatitis, tuberculin skin test