45 Terms Flashcards
Specific Immune Response
-Results from prior exposure, protects against only a particular pathogen
-Immune System
Primary Immune Response
Immune systems first exposure to a pathogen
-Involves activation of naive B + T cells
-B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies to neutralize antigen
Secondary Immune Response
Often eliminates a pathogen before it can cause damage
-Driven by memory cells
Non Specific Immune Response
-Broadly effective, No prior exposure
-External barriers
-Phagocytic cells, anti microbial proteins, inflammation and fever
Corpus Luteum
-Transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone
-Temporary endocrine gland
-Prepares uterus for pregnancy
-12-14 days
P generation
Parental Generation
-Original Individuals used in genetic cross
-Typically a cross between two true breeding strains
Spermatogenesis
Formation of new sperm
- Occurs in semiferous tubules of testes
-Begins with mitosis of diploid spermatogonia
-64 days
Oogenesis
Process by which oogonia divide by mitosis to primary oocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte and upon fertilization, the ovum
-Eggs are produced from primordial germ cells
-Results in haploid cells
Menarche
First menstruation in a pubertal female
Menstruation
Shedding of inner portion of the endometrium out through vagina
Menopause
Cessation of a females reproductive system
- Ovaries do not produce sufficient amount of estrogen and progesterone
Spermiogenesis
Transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa during spermatogenesis
Alkalosis
Blood pH is above 7.45
-Cognitive impairment, tingling, numbness, spasms, vomiting
Acidosis
Blood pH is below 7.35
-Headache, confusion, lethargic
Renin
Enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreased BP or SN activity
-Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
-Stimulated by prostaglandin
Mechanical Digestion
Chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion
-Teeth and mouth begin process
-Contraction of inner circular later and outer longitudinal layer promotes it
-Begins when chyme moves form ileum to cecum
Chemical Digestion
Enzymatic breakdown of food
-Salivary glands begin process
Deglutition
Swallowing
-Involves skeletal muscle of tongue and muscles of pharynx and esophagus
-Voluntary phase, Pharyngeal phase, Esophagus phase
Segmentation
Alternating contractions and relaxations of non- adjacent segments of the intestine that moves food forward and backward
-Breaking it a park and mixing with digestive juices
-Mainly in small intestine
-Facilitates absorption
Mastication
Chewing
-Tongue is necessary
Defecation
Elimination of undigested substances from the body in the form of feces
-Final step in digestion
-Anal sinus secretes mucus to facilitate
Salivation
Secretion of saliva
-Regulated by autonomic nervous system
-Can be stimulated by sight, smell, or taste of food
Filtration
In Cardiovascular system, The movement of material from capillary into interstitial fluid, moving from higher to lower pressure
Reabsorption
In CV system, the movement of material from interstitial fluid into capillaries
