Nutrition Flashcards by juhee lee

[Nutrition/Fluid]

Estimated weight loss and fluid deficit for dehydration?
Mild: __
Moderate: __
Severe: __

Mild: 5% weight loss, 50 ml/kg fluid deficit
Moderate: 10%, 100 ml/kg
Severe: 15 %, 150 ml/kg

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[Nutrition/BF]

Diseases reduces risk by breast feeding? (6)

Childhood asthma
Obesity
T1 DM
Celiac disease
Crohn disease
Cognitive delay

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[Nutrition/BF]

Contraindications for breast feeding? (3)
Baby (1): __
Mother (2): __

Baby with classic galactosemia
Maternal HIV infection
Mather with isotretinoin therapy, amphetamines, chemotherapy, ergotamines, statins, technetium-99m

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[Nutrition/Infant feeding]

Soy protein formula indication (2)?

Baby with galactosemia
Mother prefers vegetarian diet

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Usual feeding regimen per feeding per age?

By 1st week: __
By 2 months: __
By 6 months: __

By 1st week: 2-4 oz/feed, every 2-4 hours
By 2 months: 4-5 oz every 3-4 hours
By 6 months: 5 oz, every 4-5 hours, no night feeding if formula fed

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[Nutrition/Infant feeding]

When to discontinue vit D for infant?
For formula fed: __
For breast fed: __

For formula fed, when formula > 33 oz/day
For breast fed, when milk consumption started by 12 months, no whole milk till 12 months old

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[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

At risk for B12 deficiency infant?

Mother with strict vegetarian diet

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[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

At risk for B6 and folate deficiency infant?

Infant with __ milk fed

Infant with goat’s milk fed

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[Nutrition/iron]

When to start 1mg/kg of elemental iron?

4-6 months of age
If >4 months, receiving nutrients > 50% from breast milk

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[Nutrition/fluoride]

Symptoms of fluorosis?

Enamel with white flecks or brown discoloration

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[Nutrition/fluoride]

Amount of fluoride toothpaste for infants and toddlers?

Smear for infants
Pea-size at 3 years

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[Nutrition/carotene]

Carotenemia when occurs and symptoms?

Children with a lot of yellow-orange vegetables; carrots, squash, and sweet potatos
Yellow discoloration except sclera (scleral icterus in jaundice)

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[Nutrition/milk]

Milk recommendation for infant/toddler and when to switch to low fat?

Start whole milk __ oz/day around __ month
Low fat for at risk of obesity for __ months or __ months

Start whole milk 16-24 oz/day around 12-24 month
Low fat for at risk of obesity for 12-24 months or >24 months

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[Nutrition/deficiency]

Which insufficiency in
Marasmus vs Kwashiorkor

Marasmus: Caloric malnutrition (말아서무스)
Kwashiorkor: Protein malnutrition

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[Nutrition/deficiency]

Appearance in Marasmus vs Kwashiorkor

Marasmus: cachectic, loose skin (wizened old man)
Kwashiorkor: edematous (hypoalbuminemia), skin rashes, brittle hair

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[Nutrition/vitamin excess]

Which vitamin excessive symptoms?

Scaly skin
Pseudotumor cerebri
Bone/muscle pain, cortical hyperostosis
Hepatomegaly

Vitamin A

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[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Which vitamin deficiency?

Rickets: poor growth, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, tetany
Osteoporosis/osteomalacia

Vitamin D deficiency

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[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Patients at risk for vit D deficiency (5)?

Prematurity
Darker skin pigmentation
Insufficient outdoor activities
Antiepileptic medications
Chronic intestinal inflammation (IBD, celiac)

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[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Vit D status levels based on 25-OH vit D

Sufficiency: __
Insufficiency: __
Deficiency: __

Sufficiency: > 30
Insufficiency: 12-30
Deficiency: <12

[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Recommended dose for vit D deficiency per age?

<12 mo: __ IU
1-12 yo: __ IU
>12 yo: __ IU

<12 mo: 2000 IU
1-12 yo: 3000-6000 IU
>12 yo: 6000 IU

[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Vit K dependent coagulation factors?

prothrombin (2), 7, 9 ,10

[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Which vitamin deficiency?

White lines of Frankel
(dense band at the growing metaphyseal end)

Vit C deficiency (Scurvy)

[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Which vitamin deficiency?

Neuropathy, muscle atrophy, ataxia, Wernicke encephalopathy
High cardiac output heart failure

Thiamin B1
Beriberi, Wet beriberi for heart failure

[Nutrition/vitamin deficiency]

Which vitamin deficiency?

Riboflavin, vitamin B2

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency? 3 D Pellagra: Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea At risk with ____ consumption

Niacin B3 Corn mash consumption

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] At risk for which vitamin deficiency? Isoniazid treatment

Pyridoxin, vitamin B6

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency? Megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils Lack of deep tendon reflex

Cobalamin, vitamin B12

# [Nutrition/mineral deficiency] Which mineral deficiency? Acrodermatitis: pustular dermatitis, alopecia, blepharitis, conjunctivitis Enteropathica: diarrhea, FTT

Zinc deficiency (Acrodermatitis enteropathica)

# [Nutrition/mineral deficiency] 2nd common cause of nutrition deficiency for anemia? Associated with developmental delay

Folate (Iron the most common)

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency? Eye: Night blindness, xerophthalmia, corneal opacities, Bitot spots (keratin buildup in conjunctivae) Growth failure Increased susceptibility to infection, high risk for severe measles

Vitamin A deficiency

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency? Neurologic dysfunction from neuroaxonal degeneration Loss of reflex High risk for Fat soluble vitamin malabsorption, cystic fibrosis

Vit E deficiency

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency? Gingival bleeding Follicular hyperkeratosis Perifollicular hemorrhages “corkscrew-coiled” hairs Normocytic normochromic anemia

Vit C deficiency (Scurvy)

# [Nutrition/vitamin deficiency] Which vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin D, Ricket

# [Nutrition/burn] Vitamin and mineral supports for burn patient (3)?

1. Vit A 2. Vit C 3. zinc

# [Nutrition/burn] Required caloric support for burn patient per percentage of burn in body surface area <10% BSA: __ >40% BSA: __

<10% BSA: similar to resting energy expenditure (REE) >40% BSA: 150% of REE

# [Nutrition/ketogenic diet] Possible complications of ketogenic diet? (3)

1. GI complaints 2. Hyperlipidemia 3. Kidney stones

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] In preterm formula, higher contents compared to term formula (4)?

In preterm formula, 1. Higher calorie 2. Higher protein concentration 3. Higher vitamins: Vit A, B6 4. Higher electrolytes and minerals: Ca, iron

# [Nutrition/CKD] Diet restriction for chronic kidney disease (2)?

1. Low potassium 2. Low phosphorus (Sodium restriction per patient's physiology Protein restriction not indicated for infants/children)

# [Nutrition/CKD] Electrolyte and vitamin supplement for chronic kidney disease?

Calcium Calcitriol (vit D analog) (to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy)

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] When to switch to preterm to term formula (2)?

1. Consistent weight gain 30-40 g/day 2. Caught up with birth weight percentile (Then slow transition with weight monitoring, half BM/half formula then full BM)

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] Stopping bottle feeding at ___ months?

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] Night time feeding stops ___ months for formula feeding and ___ months for breast feeding

6 months for formula fed 12 months for breast fed

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] Multivitamin choices age range Polyvisol from __ till __ Multivitamin chewable from __

Polyvisol with iron from 4-6 months and till 4 year of age Multivitamin chewable > 4 year old

# [Nutrition/BF] Breast milk storage Breast milk in room temperature up to __ hours Breast milk in refrigerator up to __ days Breast milk in freezer up to __ months

Breast milk in room temperature up to 4 hours Breast milk in refrigerator up to 4 days Breast milk in freezer up to 6-12 months Thaw in warm water Never refreeze Thawed use in 1-2 hours, fridge up to 1 day

# [Nutrition/infant feeding] The recommended calorie goal for infants with congestive heart failure? ___ kcal/kg/day

140 kcal/kg/day