Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat

Question 1

[Eye/Dev]

Time line of vision development

Visual fixation present at __ and matures at __
Able to track across midline at __, 180° by __
Accommodation present at __ matures at __
Infants are usually __ (myopic or hyperopic)

Answer 1

Visual fixation present at birth and matures at 6-8 weeks
Able to track across midline at 2 months, 180° by 4 months
Accommodation present at birth matures at 2-3 months
Infants are usually hyperopic (far-sighted)

Question 2

[Eye/Stye]

Chalazion vs Hordeolum

__ : infectious abscess, painful, warm compress, resolusion in 3-5 days
__ : non-infectious, painless, spontaneous resolution in a few months

Answer 2

Hordeolum (stye) : infectious abscess, painful, warm compress, resolusion in 3-5 days
Chalazion : non-infectious, painless, spontaneous resolution in a few months

Question 3

[Eye/Strabismus]

Strabismus, malalignment of eye
In (__), Out (__), Up (__), Down (__)
Needs correction if persists after __ months

Answer 3

In (esotropia), Out (exotropia), Up (hypertropia), Down (hypotropia)
Needs correction if persists after 4 months

Question 4

[Ear/AOM]

Indication for observation for acute otitis media?

Age: 6 months to 2 year
Laterality: __ (uni or bilateral)

Age: 6 months to 2 year
Laterality: __ (uni or bilateral)

Answer 4

Observation without antibiotics can be considered for

Acute otitis media without otorrhea
Well-appearing, low grade fever (<39)

Age: 6 months to 2 year
Laterality: unilateral
(bilateral <2yr ->antibiotics)

Age: >2 year
Laterality: unilateral or bilateral

Question 5

[Ear/Otitis]

Diagnosis?
Treatment?

Asymptomatic, some hearing loss

Answer 5

Otitis Media with Effusion

• Treatment:
  Spontaneous resolution in 6 weeks
  If persist, tympanostomy tube placement

Question 6

[Throat/hoarseness]

Chronic hoarseness

The most common cause?
Treatment?

Answer 6

Voice abuse
Rest

Question 7

[Ear/Otitis]

Diagnosis?
Treatment?

Chronic painless ear drainage > 6 weeks
Some hearing loss

Answer 7

Chronic Supprative Otitis Media

• Treatment:
  topical quinolone for 2 weeks

Question 8

[Ear/Otitis/Cx]

Diagnosis?

Abnormal growth of squamous epithelim in the middle ear
Some hearing loss, carnial nerve palsies, vertigo
Patients with recurrent ear infections
Surgically removed

Answer 8

Cholesteatoma

Question 9

[Ear/Otitis/Cx]

Diagnosis?
Treatment?

Otitis media complication
Fever, postauricular erythema, tenderniss, protrusion of the auricle
Requires tympanocentesis and culture

Answer 9

Mastoiditis

• Treatment:
  IV vancomycin
  +/- Ceftazidime or cefepime

Question 10

[Ear/AOM]

Duration for high dose amoxicillin for acute otitis media?

< 24 months: __
2 -5 years: __
> 5 years: __

Answer 10

< 24 months: 10 days
2 -5 years: 7 days
> 5 years: 5 days