NUTRITION

Question 1

XR wrist shows irregularity, metaphyseal fraying and cupping, widening of the epiphyses

What is going on? What are the causes? (4)

Answer 1

Rickets
(inadequate mineralization of bone osteoid)

1 - Vitamin D disorders
2 - Distal RTA
3 - Calcium deficiency
4 - Phos deficienciy

Question 2

Cause of megaloblastic anemia in patient with ileal resection?

Answer 2

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 3

Which nutritional deficiency can lead to thrombocytosis and hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

Vitamin E deficiency

Question 4

Which vitamin can enhance iron absoprtion?

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Question 5

When can cow milk be introduced to an infant?

Answer 5

1 year old

Question 6

When can fruit juice be introduced to an infant?

Answer 6

1 year old

Question 7

What is niacin?
What is the complication of its deficiency?
What are the symptoms of this complication?

Answer 7

Vitamin B3

Deficiency cause pellagra

3Ds:
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Diarrhea

Question 8

Distinct, irregular, thickened white line located at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula

What is going on?

Answer 8

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 9

Multiple areas of osteochondritis and periostitis of the long bones

What is going on?

Answer 9

Congenital syphilis

Question 10

Alopecia, dry mucous membrane, hepatosplenomegaly, tenderness to palpation along the long bones of lower extremities

What is going on?

Answer 10

Vitamin A overdose

Question 11

Long, wavy cortical hyperostosis of the bones (often sparing metaphyseal areas)

What is going on?

Answer 11

Vitamin A overdose

Question 12

Gingival swelling and bleeding, painful swollen knee, generalized rash with perifollicular hemorrhages and hyperkeratosis

What is going on?

Answer 12

Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

Question 13

Nursing vegan mothers should take which 2 supplemental vitamins?

Answer 13

1 - Vitamin B12
2 - Vitamin D

Question 14

Poor growth, diarrhea, alopecia, vesiculobullous rash

What is the nutritional deficiency?

Answer 14

Zinc deficiency

Question 15

In iron deficiency, what are the level for ferritin, TIBC?

Answer 15

• LOW ferritin
• HIGH TIBC

Question 16

Potential energy of carbohydrates

Answer 16

4 kcal/g

Question 17

Potential energy of protein

Answer 17

4 kcal/g

Question 18

Potential energy of fat

Answer 18

9 kcal/g

Question 19

XR show enlarged costochondral junctions

What is going on?

Answer 19

Vitamin D deficiency (rickets)

Question 20

XR show bone with “ground-glass appearance”, thin bony cortex, epiphyseal ends sharply outlined

What is going on?

Answer 20

Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

Question 21

When vitamin D supplementation should start for a term infant? How much?

Answer 21

400 IU per day of Vitamin D
Start within first few days of life!

Question 22

What is a grain that is well known to be associated with pellagra

Answer 22

Corn mash

Question 23

What are consequences of selenium deficiency? (2)

Answer 23

1 - Cardiomyopathy
2 - Hypothyroidism

Question 24

What is thiamine?

Answer 24

Vitamin B1

Question 25

What is riboflavin?

Answer 25

Vitamin B2

Question 26

Which vitamin deficiency causes cardiomegaly, heart failure, and generalized edema?

Answer 26

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 27

Paresthesia, foot and wrist drop

What is this ? Which nutritional deficiency causes it?

Answer 27

Beriberi

Caused by Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Question 28

Triangular, whitish thickened areas adjacent to the limbus in both eyes

What is the finding? What causes this?

Answer 28

Bitot spots

Vitamin A deficiency