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Health > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which the body takes in and uses food

A

nutrition

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2
Q

units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body

A

calories

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3
Q

the substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair itself and supply you with energy

A

nutrients

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4
Q

a natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body’s need for food

A

hunger

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5
Q

a psychological desire for food

A

appetite

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6
Q

emotions that might cause you to eat are

A

stress, depression, boredom, nervousness, happiness, rewarding yourself

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7
Q

what are the six main types of nutrients

A 
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS
VITAMINS
MINERALS
WATER
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8
Q

what are the two types of carbs

A

Starches and Sugars
Simple- sugars (glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose)
Complex- starches (whole grains, seeds, nut, potatoes)

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9
Q

converted to glucose. Glucose is converted to energy. 4 calories per gram.
55-60% of daily calories
The main source of energy
Too many carbohydrates are stored as body fat!

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q 
Indigestible material found in: Complex carbohydrates, stringy vegetables, fruit skins, and whole grains
20-35 grams of fiber daily
Pushes food through the digestive system
Lowers cholesterol
Balances glucose
Adds bulk to prevent constipation
Can prevent overeating
A

fiber

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11
Q

Nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and body tissues
Amino Acid- a small chemical unit that makes up this.
4 calories per gram
There are 20 different amino acids, essential and non-essential
15% of daily intake

A

protein

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12
Q

foods that contain all 10 essential amino acids

Examples- meat, fish, poultry, eggs, yogurt, milk, cheese, tofu

A

complete proteins

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13
Q

Lacks one or more essential amino acid

Examples: beans, peas, nuts, and whole grain

A

incomplete protein

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14
Q

what are the roles of proteins

A

Builds new cells and tissues
Replaces damaged and worn-out cells
Makes enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
Supplies some energy

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15
Q

Type of lipid, a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water
20-30% of daily intake
9 calories per gram
Provide twice the energy of carbohydrates and proteins

A

fats

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16
Q

Solid at room temperature
High in cholesterol
Animal fats and tropical oils
Examples: beef, pork, egg yolks, cheese, milk

A

saturated fats

17
Q

Liquid at room temperature
Vegetable fats
Examples: olive oil, canola oil, soybean oil, and corn oil

A

unsaturated fats

18
Q

Adding hydrogen to vegetable oil through a process called hydrogenation
Raises bad cholesterol (LDL) and lowers good cholesterol (HDL)
Found in commercial baked goods and fried foods

A

trans fat

19
Q

what are some roles of fats

A

Concentrated source of energy
Transports Vitamins A,D, E, and K (Fat Soluble)
Essential for the growth and healthy skin

20
Q

Lipid like substance from saturated fats that circulates in the blood
Excess amounts are deposited in arteries
HDL- high-density lipoproteins (good cholesterol)
LDL- low-density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol)

A

cholesterol

21
Q

compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients

A

vitamins

22
Q

Vitamins that dissolve in water and pass easily into the blood
Need to be replenished every day
Vitamins B & C

A

water-soluble vitamins (see slide 30 on pp for more specifics)

23
Q

Vitamins that are absorbed, stored and transported in fat
Too much can be toxic
Vitamins A, D, E, & K

A

Fat-Soluble Vitamins (see slide 32 on pp for more specifics)

24
Q

Promotes the use of calcium and phosphorus

A

vitamin A

25
Q

Needed for bone and tooth development

A

Vitamin D

26
Q

Slows the aging process

A

Vitamin E

27
Q

Necessary for clotting blood

A

Vitamin K

28
Q

Infection protection helps heals wounds

A

Vitamin C

29
Q

needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and regulating body processes

A

minerals

30
Q

mineral- a building material for bones and teeth

A

Calcium

31
Q

mineral- forms part of the red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Iron

32
Q

mineral- works with calcium to build bones

A

Phosphorus

33
Q

mineral - enzyme activator

A

Magnesium

34
Q

name some functions of water

A 
Vital to every body function
Transports nutrients and wastes
Lubricates joints
Part of mucous membranes
Maintains normal body temperature
Recommended 8 cups a day

Health (10 decks)

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