Nutrients Flashcards
What are the main 6 nutrients
- Water
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fats/ lipids
- Vitamins
- Minerals
What are the 3 main types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Diasaccharides
- Polysaccharides
what is a Monosaccharide and what does it include
- known as simple sugars
- There normally in fruit and honey
- They include:
- Glucose, galactose and fructose
what is a Disacchardies and what does it include
2 monosaccharides combined
Examples:
- Sucrose = glucose + fructose
- Lactose = glucose + galactose
- Maltose = 2 glucose molecules
what is a Polysaccharides and what does it include
many monosacchardies joined together = complex carbs
Examples:
- Starch = found in foods made form a form of glucose called alpha glucose
- glucogen = created in body from glucose. it is esentially a store of energy . When the body needs it breaks down into glucose
- cellulose = Made from beta glucose. Makes up cell walls in plants
what is a Protein
- growth and repair of body tissue
- Production of hormones and enzymes
- Helps form the immune system
- Controls the water balance in the body
- Energy storage
what is a Peptide
combination of amino acids
what is a Dipeptides
a combination of 2 amino acids
what is a Polypeptides
combination of 10+ amino acids
what are Essential amino acids
amino acids that a species is unable to make themselves and need to be obtained through food
what are Fats and lipids
group of molecules known as fatty acids consist of a long chain of hydrogen + carbon atoms that are arranged in different ways.
Fats are classified as saturated and unsaturated
What is a saturated fat?
do not have double bonds. They are solid at room temp
what is an unsaturated fat?
have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms. It is liquid at room temp.
Why do animals need food?
- provides energy
- so they can grow
- so they can reproduce
- So it helps the body repair any damaged tissue
- Helps maintain bodily functions; breathing, heartbeat
What is a Nutrient?
a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body
