Nursing clients with Ventilation disorders Flashcards
Airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma or both
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A preventable and treatable, slowly progressing respiratory disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Etiology of COPD
- Smoking
- Occupational exposure
- Allergies
- Aging
- Air pollution
- Auto-immune
- Infection
- Genetic predisposition
A disease of the airways is defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
Chronic Bronchitis
Characteristics of Chronic Bronchitis
- Excessive mucus production
- Airway inflammation/bronchial wall edema
- Smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm)
Impaired gas exchange results from destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli
Emphysema
It is a pathological term that describes an abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the walls of the alveoli
Emphysema
Characteristics of Emphysema
- Reduction of elastic recoil
- Loss of lung’s natural tendency to resist expansion
- Supporting structures for the airways decreases
AAT
Alpha 1-antitrypsin
Caused by the inherited deficiency of a protein called Alpha 1-Antitrypsin
AAT Deficiency-related Emphysema
An acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators and steroids may lead to respiratory arrest
Status Asthmaticus
SABA
Short-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist
LABA
Long-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist
Interstitial lung disease
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
A category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete lung expansion and increased lung stiffness
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
Air in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure
Pneumothorax
A complication of severe chest trauma injury
Pneumothorax
Types of Pneumothorax
- Simple or Spontaneous
- Traumatic or Open
- Tension
Occurs when the air enters the pleural space through a breach of either a parietal or visceral pleura
Simple or Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Occurs when air escape from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the pleural space or air enters the pleural space through a wound in the chest
Traumatic or Open Pneumothorax
A serious valvular type, in which air enters the pleural space with each inspiration, becomes trapped and is not expelled during expiration
Tension Pneumothorax
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural Effusion
Refers to closure or collapse of the alveoli
Atelectasis
The collapse of the lung tissue at any structural level (segmental, basilar, or lobar)
Atelectasis
Maybe acute or chronic and may cover a broad range of pathophysiologic changes, from micro or macroatelectasis
Atelectasis
Group of diseases caused by inhalation of certain inorganic and organic dusts
Pneumoconiosis
A chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs
Asbestosis
It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos (in mining)
Asbestosis
aka “Grinder’s disease” and “potter’s rot”
Silicosis
A form of occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust
Silicosis
Marked by inflammation and scarring in forms of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs
Silicosis
Assessment findings
History of recurrent acute respiratory tract infections
Chronic Bronchitis
Assessment findings
Persistent productive cough
Chronic Bronchitis
Assessment findings
Chest x-ray: Flattened diaphragm and dirty lung
Chronic Bronchitis
Assessment findings
Sputum culture: (+) bacterial infection
Chronic Bronchitis
Assessment findings
History of chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary Emphysema
Assessment findings
Progressive dyspnea, progressive cough, and increased sputum production
Pulmonary Emphysema
Assessment findings
Clubbing of fingers, anorexia with weight loss, profound weakness
Pulmonary Emphysema
Assessment findings
Chest x-ray: hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, increased AP diameter
Pulmonary Emphysema
