Nursing clients with Ventilation disorders

Question 1

Airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma or both

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 2

A preventable and treatable, slowly progressing respiratory disease

Answer 2

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 3

Etiology of COPD

Answer 3

1. Smoking
2. Occupational exposure
3. Allergies
4. Aging
5. Air pollution
6. Auto-immune
7. Infection
8. Genetic predisposition

Question 4

A disease of the airways is defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

Answer 4

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 5

Characteristics of Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 5

1. Excessive mucus production
2. Airway inflammation/bronchial wall edema
3. Smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm)

Question 6

Impaired gas exchange results from destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

Answer 6

Emphysema

Question 7

It is a pathological term that describes an abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the walls of the alveoli

Answer 7

Emphysema

Question 8

Characteristics of Emphysema

Answer 8

1. Reduction of elastic recoil
2. Loss of lung’s natural tendency to resist expansion
3. Supporting structures for the airways decreases

Question 9

AAT

Answer 9

Alpha 1-antitrypsin

Question 10

Caused by the inherited deficiency of a protein called Alpha 1-Antitrypsin

Answer 10

AAT Deficiency-related Emphysema

Question 11

An acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators and steroids may lead to respiratory arrest

Answer 11

Status Asthmaticus

Question 12

SABA

Answer 12

Short-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist

Question 13

LABA

Answer 13

Long-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist

Question 14

Interstitial lung disease

Answer 14

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

Question 15

A category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete lung expansion and increased lung stiffness

Answer 15

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

Question 16

Air in the pleural space

Answer 16

Pneumothorax

Question 17

Occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure

Answer 17

Pneumothorax

Question 18

A complication of severe chest trauma injury

Answer 18

Pneumothorax

Question 19

Types of Pneumothorax

Answer 19

1. Simple or Spontaneous
2. Traumatic or Open
3. Tension

Question 20

Occurs when the air enters the pleural space through a breach of either a parietal or visceral pleura

Answer 20

Simple or Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Question 21

Occurs when air escape from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the pleural space or air enters the pleural space through a wound in the chest

Answer 21

Traumatic or Open Pneumothorax

Question 22

A serious valvular type, in which air enters the pleural space with each inspiration, becomes trapped and is not expelled during expiration

Answer 22

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 23

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 23

Pleural Effusion

Question 24

Refers to closure or collapse of the alveoli

Answer 24

Atelectasis

Question 25

The collapse of the lung tissue at any structural level (segmental, basilar, or lobar)

Answer 25

Atelectasis

Question 26

Maybe acute or chronic and may cover a broad range of pathophysiologic changes, from micro or macroatelectasis

Answer 26

Atelectasis

Question 27

Group of diseases caused by inhalation of certain inorganic and organic dusts

Answer 27

Pneumoconiosis

Question 28

A chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs

Answer 28

Asbestosis

Question 29

It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos (in mining)

Answer 29

Asbestosis

Question 30

aka "Grinder's disease" and "potter's rot"

Answer 30

Silicosis

Question 31

A form of occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust

Answer 31

Silicosis

Question 32

Marked by inflammation and scarring in forms of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs

Answer 32

Silicosis

Question 33

Assessment findings History of recurrent acute respiratory tract infections

Answer 33

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 34

Assessment findings Persistent productive cough

Answer 34

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 35

Assessment findings Chest x-ray: Flattened diaphragm and dirty lung

Answer 35

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 36

Assessment findings Sputum culture: (+) bacterial infection

Answer 36

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 37

Assessment findings History of chronic bronchitis

Answer 37

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 38

Assessment findings Progressive dyspnea, progressive cough, and increased sputum production

Answer 38

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 39

Assessment findings Clubbing of fingers, anorexia with weight loss, profound weakness

Answer 39

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 40

Assessment findings Chest x-ray: hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, increased AP diameter

Answer 40

Pulmonary Emphysema