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NCM 112 Lecture (Prelims) > Nursing clients with Ventilation disorders > Flashcards

Nursing clients with Ventilation disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma or both

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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2
Q

A preventable and treatable, slowly progressing respiratory disease

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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3
Q

Etiology of COPD

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Occupational exposure
  3. Allergies
  4. Aging
  5. Air pollution
  6. Auto-immune
  7. Infection
  8. Genetic predisposition
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4
Q

A disease of the airways is defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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5
Q

Characteristics of Chronic Bronchitis

A
  1. Excessive mucus production
  2. Airway inflammation/bronchial wall edema
  3. Smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm)
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6
Q

Impaired gas exchange results from destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

A

Emphysema

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7
Q

It is a pathological term that describes an abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the walls of the alveoli

A

Emphysema

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8
Q

Characteristics of Emphysema

A
  1. Reduction of elastic recoil
  2. Loss of lung’s natural tendency to resist expansion
  3. Supporting structures for the airways decreases
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9
Q

AAT

A

Alpha 1-antitrypsin

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10
Q

Caused by the inherited deficiency of a protein called Alpha 1-Antitrypsin

A

AAT Deficiency-related Emphysema

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11
Q

An acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators and steroids may lead to respiratory arrest

A

Status Asthmaticus

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12
Q

SABA

A

Short-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist

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13
Q

LABA

A

Long-Acting Beta Adrenergic Agonist

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14
Q

Interstitial lung disease

A

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

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15
Q

A category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete lung expansion and increased lung stiffness

A

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

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16
Q

Air in the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

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17
Q

Occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure

A

Pneumothorax

18
Q

A complication of severe chest trauma injury

A

Pneumothorax

19
Q

Types of Pneumothorax

A
  1. Simple or Spontaneous
  2. Traumatic or Open
  3. Tension
20
Q

Occurs when the air enters the pleural space through a breach of either a parietal or visceral pleura

A

Simple or Spontaneous Pneumothorax

21
Q

Occurs when air escape from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the pleural space or air enters the pleural space through a wound in the chest

A

Traumatic or Open Pneumothorax

22
Q

A serious valvular type, in which air enters the pleural space with each inspiration, becomes trapped and is not expelled during expiration

A

Tension Pneumothorax

23
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural Effusion

24
Q

Refers to closure or collapse of the alveoli

A

Atelectasis

25
Q

The collapse of the lung tissue at any structural level (segmental, basilar, or lobar)

A

Atelectasis

26
Q

Maybe acute or chronic and may cover a broad range of pathophysiologic changes, from micro or macroatelectasis

A

Atelectasis

27
Q

Group of diseases caused by inhalation of certain inorganic and organic dusts

A

Pneumoconiosis

28
Q

A chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs

A

Asbestosis

29
Q

It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos (in mining)

A

Asbestosis

30
Q

aka “Grinder’s disease” and “potter’s rot”

A

Silicosis

31
Q

A form of occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust

A

Silicosis

32
Q

Marked by inflammation and scarring in forms of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs

A

Silicosis

33
Q

Assessment findings

History of recurrent acute respiratory tract infections

A

Chronic Bronchitis

34
Q

Assessment findings

Persistent productive cough

A

Chronic Bronchitis

35
Q

Assessment findings

Chest x-ray: Flattened diaphragm and dirty lung

A

Chronic Bronchitis

36
Q

Assessment findings

Sputum culture: (+) bacterial infection

A

Chronic Bronchitis

37
Q

Assessment findings

History of chronic bronchitis

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

38
Q

Assessment findings

Progressive dyspnea, progressive cough, and increased sputum production

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

39
Q

Assessment findings

Clubbing of fingers, anorexia with weight loss, profound weakness

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

40
Q

Assessment findings

Chest x-ray: hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, increased AP diameter

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

NCM 112 Lecture (Prelims) (9 decks)

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