Introduction Flashcards
Defined as infectious diseases that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
Emerging Diseases
Highly personal state
Person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished
Illness
May or may not be related to disease
Only person can say he or she is ill (highly subjective)
Illness
Abnormal vital function. A reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span
Disease
Three Distinct criteria to determine illness (Bauman)
- The presence of symptoms
- The perception of how they feel
- Their ability to carry out daily activities
Classification of Illness
- Acute illness
- Chronic illness
Characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration
Acute illness
Symptoms often appear abruptly, subside quickly
Acute illness
May or may not require intervention by a healthcare professional
Acute illness
Most people return to normal level of wellness
Acute illness
Lasts for an extended period (6 months or longer)
Usually have a slow onset
Chronic illness
Often have periods of remissions and exacerbations
Chronic illness
Care includes promoting independence, sense of control, and wellness
Chronic illness
Learn how to live with physical limitations and discomfort
Chronic illness
Causes of Illness
- Biomedical or Scientific views
- Naturalistic of Holistic perspective
- Magico-religious view
All events in life have a cause and effect
The human body functions more like a machine
Biomedical or Scientific views
All reality can be observed and measured (VS, intelligence tests)
Biomedical or Scientific views
Forces of nature must be kept in natural balance or harmony
Breaking the laws of nature creates imbalances, chaos, and disease
Naturalistic or Holistic perspective
World is an arena of supernatural forces dominate and that fate of the world and those in it depends on the action of supernatural forces for good and evil
Magico-religious view
Parson’s Four Aspects of the Sick Role (Parsons, 1979)
- Clients are not held responsible for their condition
- Clients are excused from certain social roles and tasks
- Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible in order to avoid dependence
- Clients or their families are obliged to seek competent help
Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness (Suchman, 1979)
- Symptom experiences
- Assumption of the Sick Role
- Medical Care Contact
- Dependent Client Role
- Recovery or rehabilitation
cognitive aspect (believe something is wrong)
Symptom experience
Emotional response (may consult to others and try home remedies)
Symptom experience
If self-management is ineffective, the individuals enter the next stage
Symptom experience
The physical experience of symptoms
Symptom experience
Accepts the sick role and seeks information from family and friends
Assumption of the sick role
Continue with self-treatment and delay contact with healthcare professionals as long as possible
Assumption of the sick role
Excused from normal duties and expectations
When signs and symptoms of illness persists or increases, the person seeks professional health advice
Assumption of the sick role
Seeks advice of a health professional
Medical Care Contact
Validation of real illness
Explain illness in understandable terms
Get reassurance (may accept or deny diagnosis)
Medical Care Contact
After accepting the illness, becomes dependent on the professional for help
Dependent Client Role
Relinquish the dependent role
Resume former roles and responsibilities
Long-term responsibilities and permanent disability necessitate adjustment
Recovery or Rehabilitation
