NUR 200 Exam 1 Flashcards
Florence Nightingale
“Lady with the Lamp”, 1800s Crimean War- Hygiene, Sanitary cares, clean environment
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross
Dorothea Dox
Advocate for Mental Health nursing/asylums
Mary Brewster
Founder of Public Health Nursing, cares for the vulnerable populations; established Henry Street Settlement in New York with Lillian Ward
Lavinia Dock
Pioneer in nursing education- compiled first manual of drugs
Mary Breckenridge
Frontier in field of Nurse Midwifery
Margaret Sanger
Established Planned Parenthood
Patricia Benner
Theory of Caring: Novice to Expert
What is clinical judgment
Observing, comparing, contrasting, and evaluating the client’s condition for change
What is critical thinking/reflective thinking?
Involves collecting and analyzing information and carefully considering options for action
What is problem solving?
Considering an issue and attempting to find a satisfactory solution
What does a direct care provider do?
Addresses physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs
What is Stage 1 of Nursing?
Novice- Task oriented, focused on learning rules, follows written sequential process
What is Stage 2 of Nursing?
Advanced beginner- focuses on more aspects of a clinical situation and applies more facts
What is Stage 3 of Nursing?
Competent- Have additional experience, can handle patient load, and deal with complex situations, can prioritize
What is Stage 4 of Nursing?
Proficient- Quickly taken in all aspects of a situation and given meaning to data, “see the big picture”
What is Stage 5 of Nursing?
Expert- Can see what needs to be achieved and how to do it
What is the American Nurses Association (ANA)?
National professional organizations
What does the National League for Nursing (NLN) do?
Establishes and maintains a universal standard of education
What is the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
Federation of national nursing organizations
What does the National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA) do?
Represents nursing students
What is Direct Care
Personal interaction between the nurse and clients
-giving medication
-dressing a wound
-teaching about medication
What is Indirect Care?
Working to improve health status
-Ordering supplies
-Restocking a cart
What is the purpose of nursing care?
-Health promotion
-Illness prevention
-Health restoration
-End-of-Life care
What is the Case Method (total care) model of Nursing?
One to one care for entire shift; needs are quickly met; Greater degree of autonomy
(Ex: intensive care unit, labor and delivery, etc)
What is the Functional Nursing model?
Clear understanding of tasks each member performs; Compartmentalized; Specific knowledge and skills
(Ex: Rn educates, LPN passes meds, CNA make beds)
What is the Team Nursing model?
Efficient; Cost saving; Limits the fragmentation of functional nursing
(Ex: RN paired with CNA and are assigned to a group of patients)
What is the Primary Nursing Model?
One RN cares for a group of patients; Other RNs continue the primary RNs plan when primary is not present
What is the differentiated practice model?
Variation of primary care but is based on type of nursing expertise
How are patients classified?
Inpatient vs Outpatient
What are the two types of healthcare delivery?
Acute care vs Ling Term Support Services
What are the 3 types of services?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
What is primary service?
Health promotion, preventive services, health education, screening for problems
What is secondary service?
Diagnose and treat illness, disease, and injury
What is tertiary service?
Long term rehabilitation services, end of life care
What are societal trends that influence nursing practice?
1) Growing proportion of older adults in the US
2) Changes in healthcare consumer
3) Legislation
4) Women’s movement
5) Collective bargaining
What is critical thinking a combination of?
-reasoned thinking
-openness to alternatives
-ability to reflect
-A desire to seek truth
What are the 5 steps of the Critical-Thinking Model
1) Contextual Awareness
2) Inquiry
3) Considering Alternatives
4) Analyzing assumptions
5) Reflecting skeptically and deciding what to do
What does contextual awareness entail?
-deciding what to observe and consider
-an awareness of what’s happening overall
What does Inquiry entail?
-Based on credible sources
-Apply standards of reasoning to thinking process
What does Considering Alternatives entail?
-Explore and Imagining all of the alternatives
What does analyzing assumptions entail?
Recognize and analyze assumptions about your beliefs/choices
What does Reflecting Skeptically and deciding what to do entail?
Questioning, analyzing, reflecting on rationale for decision
What are the different kinds of nursing knowledge?
-Theoretical (knowing why)
-Practical (knowing what to do and how to do it)
-Self (Self understanding)
-Ethical (knowledge of obligation, right or wrong)
What is the Nursing Process?
A systematic problem-solving process that guides all nursing actions
(It’s purpose is to help the nurse provide goal-directed, client centered care)
What are the phases of the Nursing Process?
ADPIE (Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate)
What are the components of caring?
Knowing
Being with
Doing for
Enabling
Maintaining belief
What is Full Spectrum Nursing?
A unique blend of thinking, doing, and caring for the purpose of affecting good outcomes from a patient situation
What does assessment include?
-Collecting data
-Using a systematic and ongoing process
-Categorizing data
-Recording data
What is the difference between medical and nursing assessments?
-Nursing assessments focus on the client’s responses to illness
What do Nursing Assessments include?
-Physical and emotional responses
-Concerns
-Understanding of the illness
-Affect on life
-Ability to care for themselves
-Ways to maintain wellness/prevention
True or False:
An RN can delegate the assessment portion of the Nursing Process
False, it is the RN’s responsibility to perform the assessment portion of the nursing process
What is subjective data?
What the patient says
What is objective data?
What can be observed or measured
What is primary data?
Data obtained directly from the client
What is secondary data?
Data obtained secondhand through the medical record or another person
What agency is responsible for regulating nursing practice and approving nursing programs?
The State Board of Nursing
What are the roles of a professional nurse?
-Communicator
-Client Advocate
-Research Consumer
-Case Manager
-Change Agent
What are properties of Clinical Judgement?
-Observing
-Contrasting
-Comparing
-Evaluating
What are properties of Critical Thinking?
-Considering/finding options
-Collecting information
-Analyzing information
What are properties of Problem Solving?
-Find a Solution
-Identify an issue
What are properties of Battle Ax decade?
-Torture
-Nurse Ratched
-Cruel
What are properties of the Full Spectrum Decade?
-Critical Thinking
-Safe and effective
-Organized
What are properties of the Professional Decade?
-Statistics
-Florence Nightingale
-Documenting
