Numerical cognition Flashcards
What did McComb et al (1994) find?
Wild lions are more likely to approach a loudspeaker playing the roar of one intruder than three
What did Petrie and Halliday (1994) find?
> Peahens prefer peacocks with 150+ ocelli (eye-spots)
Number of ocelli correlates with symmetry
May indicate numerical cognition
What is numerosity discrimination?
Relative number judgement (eg, 5 items v 12 items)
What did Koehler (1951) find?
> Ravens, crows and jackdaws
Numerosity discrimination through feed
Numerosity discrimination accurate in small increments
What did Carazo et al (2009) find?
> Mealworm beetles
Numerosity discrimination through mate scenting
Could discriminate between one multiple, but not between different multiple amounts
What did Uller et al (2003) find?
> Salamander
Numerosity discrimination through feed
Numerosity discrimination present under 4 items
What did Gomez-Laplaza and Gerlai (2011) find?
> Angelfish
Numosity discrimination through shoaling behaviour
Could discriminate between 1 and multiple
Numerosity discrimination present under 4 items
What is Subitising?
Discriminating small numbers of items immediately
What are the features of subitising?
> Limited number of arrangements for small numbers of the same object
Relies heavily on perception (of configurations) not attention
What is the analogue magnitude system?
> Based on Weber’s Law
> Ratio based rather than absolute difference
What did Xu and Spelke (2000) find?
> 6mnth babies
Number discrimination test
Number discrimination present at 1:2 ratio only
What must counting demonstrate?
> Cardinality
> Ordinality
What is Cardinality?
The sequence of number tags or labels used to count. A Cardinal Number is the last number in the sequence
What is Ordinality?
The principle that number tags must occur in a fixed order based on the principle of Transitive Inference (X>Y>Z)
What did Pepperberg (1994) find?
> Macau
Demonstrated object discrimination and numerosity discrimination
Demonstrated cardinality and ordinality
