Nuero II Flashcards
Lumbar and sacral roots fan out like a horses tail around_______ and this is called the ________
L1-L2
“cauda equina”
Where are most lumbar punctures performed at?
L4/5
The PNS consists of _________ and ________. They project to the heart, visceral organs, skin, limbs.
cranial nerves peripheral nerves.
The PNS controls the ____________ which regulates 2 things:
somatic nervous system
1. muscle movement
2. responds to sensations of pain/touch
The ____________ connects to organs and generations autonomic responses. This consists of what?
autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic NS
-activates organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal - parasympathetic NS
-conserves energy during rest/relxation
What are the 3 motor pathways?
- corticospinal (pyramidal tract)
- basal ganglia system
- cerebellar system
Corticospinal (pyramidal tract)
-Upper and lower motor neurons
-Mediate voluntary movement
-Stimulate selected muscular actions by inhibiting others
-Damage to this system causes weakness
Basal Ganglia System
-Maintains muscle tone to control body movements
-Gross movements: walking
-Damage cause movement issues (disturbances in posture and gait)
Cerebellar System
Coordinates motor activity
Equilibrium
Posture
Damage: impairs coordination
What are sensory pathways?
Reflex activity
Conscious sensation
Body positioning
Blood pressure regulation
Heart rate regulation
Respiration
What are dermatomes?
Band of skin innervated by sensory root of spinal nerve
Can help localize a lesion to a specific spinal cord segment
What are the 3 facial branches?
V1 opthalmic
V2 maxillary
V3 mandibular
CNI
Olfactory: smell
CNII
Optic: vision
CNIII
Oculomotor: pupillary constriction, opening eye, EOM
CNIV
Trochlear: downward internal eye rotation
CNV
Trigeminal: motor—temporal/masseter/lateral pterygoid muscle movement (chewing), sensory—facial
CNVI
Abducens: lateral eye deviation
CNVII
Facial: motor—facial movements, sensory—salty/sweet/sour/bitter tastes
CNVIII
Acoustic aka vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance
CNIX
Glossopharyngeal: motor—pharynx, sensory—posterior ear drum, canal, posterior pharynx, tastes
CNX
Vagus: motor—palate, pharynx, larynx, sensory—pharynx, larynx
CNXI
Accessory: motor—SCM/upper trapezius
CNXII
Hypoglossal: motor–tongue