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PCA > MSK 2 > Flashcards

MSK 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Faber/Patrick test positive

A

Pain elicited with resisted adduction- pathology of hip/SI jt

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2
Q

Ballon sign- knee

A

moderate effusion
Place thumb and index finger of right hand on each side of patella
Compress suprapatellar recess and feel for fluid ejected out onto your fingers of your left hand

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3
Q

Balloting of the Patella

A

Large Effusion
Knee Extension
Push patella into femoral
Watch for fluid to fill suprapatellar pouch and feel for movement “floating” patella

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4
Q

ACL tear

A

Most commonly injured when the foot is planted while extreme rotational force is applied (e.g. a cleated foot caught in the turf while an athlete attempts to rotate towards that side). The ACL may also be injured from a direct force on the lateral knee while the foot is planted.

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5
Q

PCL tear

A

Much less commonly injured then the ACL. Posterior force on the tibia (e.g. the tibia striking against the dashboard in a motor vehicle accident) can lead to disruption.

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6
Q

LCL tear

A

Direct force on the medial aspect of the knee while the foot is planted

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7
Q

MCL tear

A

Direct force on the lateral aspect of the knee while the foot is planted

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8
Q

McMurray’s (for knee)

A

Used to detect a torn medial or lateral meniscus.
Palpable or audible click or lack of extension is positive sign for a torn lateral/medial meniscus

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9
Q

Apley Grind test (for knee)

A

This maneuver places direct pressure on the menisci. If injured, it will cause pain.

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10
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (Valgus Stress) Test

A

If the MCL is completely torn, the joint will “open up” along the medial aspect

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11
Q

Knee – Lateral Collateral Ligament (Varus Stress) Test

A

If the LCL is completely torn, the joint will “open up” along the lateral aspect.
Additionally, palpation along the course of the ligament may also elicit pain if it has been injured

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12
Q

Knee – Lachman’s Test

A

ACL Test
If the ACL is completely torn, the tibia will feel unrestrained in the degree to which it can move forward . The intact ACL is described as providing a firm end point during Lachman testing.

Compare this to the other leg, reversing your hand position.

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13
Q

Knee – Anterior Drawer test

A

ACL
If the ACL is completely torn, the tibia will feel unrestrained in the degree to which it can move forward.

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14
Q

Knee – Posterior Drawer test

A

PCL
If the PCL is completely torn, the tibia will feel unrestrained in the degree to which it moves backwards.

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15
Q

Ankle Instability – Anterior Drawer test

A

A positive test includes increased translation of one foot compared to the other with loss of the endpoint of the anterior talofibular ligament.

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16
Q

Ankle – Thompson Test

A

Tests whether the Achilles tendon is intact. If the Achilles’ tendon is intact, when the calf muscle is squeezed, the foot will plantar-flex. If the Achilles’ tendon is ruptured, the foot will NOT plantar-flexed as the calf muscle is squeezed.

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17
Q

Leg length is measured from the ______________ to the ____________, crossing the knee on the medial side

A

anterior superior iliac spine , medial malleolus of the ankle

18
Q

No more than________discrepancy in length or circumference between matching extremities.

A

1 cm

19
Q

Full ROM in all joints. Heberden nodes noted at the DIP joints of hands, Bouchard nodes at PIP joints. Mild pain with flexion, extension and rotation of the hips bilaterally. Full ROM of knees with mod crepitus. No effusion but bony enlargement along tibiofemoral joint line bilaterally. Both feet with hallux valgus at the first MTP joints.
What is the likely pathology?

A

Osteoarthritis

20
Q

Right knee with moderate effusion and tenderness over medial meniscus along the joint line. Mod laxity of ACL on Lachman. Moderate laxity with joint gapping noted on MCL stress testing. PCL and LCL intact with stress test. Negative posterior drawer or tenderness with varus stress. Patellar tendon intact without tenderness with patient able to extend lower extremity without difficulty. Hamstrings without tenderness to palpation. Good ROM without significant pain in the hip and ankle. No other deformity or swelling.
What is the likely pathology?

A

Could be MCL, ACL, meniscus tear due to tenderness over medial meniscus along the joint line over meniscus supports this.

21
Q

What is Rotator Cuff Tendonitis (Impingement) caused by?

A

-repeated shoulder motion
-edema, hemorrhage > inflammation (supraspinatus)
-acute,recurrent, chronic > worse with activity

in older adults could be bone spurs

22
Q

What tests would you do to confirm a rotator cuff tear?

A

+ Empty can + Weakness with external rotation + Gerber/Liftoff b

23
Q

In calcific tendonitis, ______________ is most involved

A

Supraspinatus most involved

24
Q

In bicipital tendonitis, tenderness is maximal in the _____________

A

bicipital groove

25
Q

Adhesive capsulitis aka frozen shoulder, is ____ of the GH joint. It is mostly seen in ages ______ to _____.Prior shoulder injury or another event with lead to immobility. Can resolve with 6-24 mo of PT What are the symptoms associated with it?

A

fibrosis
40-60
Diffuse, dull, aching pain in the shoulder + progressive restriction of A/PROM esp with localized tenderness

26
Q

What test would be positive for AC arthritis ?

A

+Cross Arm Test

27
Q

Acute tenosynovitis is tenderness, swelling developing________________. It is a true hand surgery emergency!!

A

along the course of the tendon

28
Q

Acute Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the _______. This most common part of the finger affected is the distal phalanx > _________ joint. Some examples of infections that can cause it are ________, _________, __________ and ___________. The finger is held in slight _______ as _______ very painful. TRUE HAND SX EMERGENCY

A

flexor tendon sheath
MCP
Staph, Strep, Gonorrhea, candida
flexion, extension

29
Q

What characteristics would you see in osteoarthiritis?

A

-degnerate disease
-morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes
-heberden’s nodes
-asymmetrical
-cartilage loss

30
Q

What characteristics would you see in rheumatoid arthirits?

A

-autoimmune disease
-morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
-extra articular involvement
-symmetrical
-inflamed synovium

31
Q

Acute gout

A

-associated with HTN, obesity, DM, old age
-Hyperuricemia leads to precipitation of uric acid and formation of needle-shaped crystals.
-extreme pain of the affected joint
-painful event associated with smoking/alcohol
-most common great toe
- Onset of pain in the middle of the night
-show signs of acute inflammation (redness, pain, swelling, tenderness, increased temp)

32
Q

What would a person with rotator cuff tendonitis (impingement) complain of?

A

o sharp catch of pain, weakness, worse with overhead motions

33
Q

L1

A

motor- hip flexion
sensory- groin

34
Q

L2

A

motor- hip flexion
sensory- thigh

35
Q

L3

A

motor- extension of knee
sensory- knee

36
Q

L4

A

motor- dorsiflexion of ankle
sensory- medial calf

37
Q

L5

A

motor- dorsiflexion of first toe
sensory- first dorsal web space between 1st and 2nd toes

38
Q

S1

A

motor- plantar flexion of foot, knee, flexors, hamstrings
sensory- lateral foot

39
Q

S2

A

motor- knee flexors or hamstrings
sensory- back of thigh

40
Q

S2-S4

A

motor- external anal sphincter
sensory- perianal area

PCA (17 decks)

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