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PCA > BoneMSK Pt 1 > Flashcards

BoneMSK Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a synovial joint and what are examples?

A

freely moveable joint, lubricated with synovial fluid and surrounded by joint capsule and ligaments. Allows for cushioning.
e.g. shoulder, knee

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2
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A

-Highlighted by discs which separate bony surfaces
-Allow for small movement
-Bony surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
-Absorb shock across the joint
-Nucleus Pulposus

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3
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

-Layers of fibrous tissue/cartilage that hold bones together
-e.g. Skull sutures
-Bones near direct contact- No appreciable movement

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4
Q

__________ surrounds joints and gives it strength

A

capsule

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5
Q

What is a Ball and socket

A

shoulder and. hip, wide rom

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6
Q

Examples of hinge movement in one plane are ________ and _______

A

elbow and knee

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7
Q

Condylar jojnt

A

two articulating surfaces
e.g. TMJ

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8
Q

What is a bursae?

A

It is a fluid filled sac that surrounds our joints, filled with synovial sac which facilitates joint motion

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9
Q

What are articular structures of the joint?

A

joint capsule and bone

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10
Q

Ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

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11
Q

Tendons connect to

A

muscle to bone

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12
Q

What are the surrounding structures that support the joint capsule?

A

Bursae, muscle, facia, nonarticular bone, nerve, skin

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13
Q

What are things that you would think of with a pt under 60

A

acute injuries, trauma, sprains or RA. Early stages of osteoarthritis, infections arthritis

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14
Q

What are things that you would think of with a pt over 60

A

affects of osteoarthritis , osteoporotic fractures, gout , ground level fall= hip fracture, pelvis, pathologic fractures

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15
Q

With a MSK Hx taking, you want to focus on ______ and ________

A

age, acuity

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16
Q

Pain suggests _____ or _______

A

injury, inflammation

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17
Q

You want to ALWAYS examine the joint from _____ and _________

A

above, below

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18
Q

What is an example of asymmetric joint pain?

A

psoriasis or Irritable bowel disease, osteoarthiritis

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19
Q

What is an example of symmetric joint pain?

A

RA

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20
Q

What is the gel phenomenon?

A

Have periods of daytime stiffness that lasts seconds to a minute or 2 and then it gets worse with movement.

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21
Q

Active ROM

A

the patient does it on their own

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22
Q

Passive ROM

A

the patient is being moved by someone else,
P= provider

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23
Q

What are associated symptoms for joints?

A

Fever/Chills
Rash
Fatigue
Anorexia
Changes in weight
Generalized weakness

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24
Q

What is the order of the MSK exam?

A
  1. Inspection
    -Look- inspect for deformity, swelling, scars, inflammation or atrophy
    One or Multiple; Symmetry
  2. Palpate
    -Locate tenderness and areas of fluid collection
    Always palpate bilaterally for comparison
  3. ROM> Muscle Strength Testing
    Active&raquo_space; Passive
  4. Special Tests
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25
Q

Always remember to document and check __________ exam distal to injury/complaint and also when applying a splint/cast

A

neurovascular

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26
Q

When you are palpating, you want to feel ______ AND _________ vs ___________

A

affected structures, surrounding areas, uninvolved side

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27
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation

A

swelling, warmth, redness, pain/tenderness

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28
Q

Synovial jont involvement _________

A

swelling,

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29
Q

If the swelling is outside the joint

A

soft tissues surrounding joint, bursititis, tendon infmallatin/ tendonitits

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30
Q

Warmth

A

with arthtiris, tendonitis, osteomylititis

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31
Q

Redness

A

infection, cellulitis, over overlying skin of joint is the least common sign seen when talking about joint involvement. more common in superficial joints like fingers, toes

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32
Q

More likely to see a lot of ______ and ________ when it pertains to joints

A

swelling, warmth

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33
Q

Passive ROM may exceed active ROM by ________ degrees

A

5

34
Q

Active ROM and passive ROM should be __________ in ________ joints

A

equal, contralateral

35
Q

Discrepencies in ROM may indiciate muscle ______ or _____

A

weakness, disorder

36
Q

Use goniometer where there is ________ or _________ ROM

A

INCREASED or LIMITED

37
Q

Assessing Muscle Strength Scale

A
  1. No evidence of movement = 0
  2. Trace of movement = 1
  3. Full ROM but not against gravity (passive movement) = 2
  4. Full ROM, but not against resistance= 3
  5. Full ROM against gravity and some resistance but weak = 4
  6. Full ROM against gravity, full resistance = 5
38
Q

What may weakness result from?

A

Underlying muscle disorder, pain, fatigue, overstretching

39
Q

TMJ is a __________ joint

A

condylar synovial

40
Q

Which is the most active joint in the body?

A

TMJ

41
Q

How do you assess TMJ ROM?

A

Open and close; lateral movement; protrusion and retraction

42
Q

How do you assess TMJ muscle stregnth?

A

Done by asking patient to clench teeth

43
Q

To assess the ROM for the shoulder, you would assess the 6 cardinal directions, what are they?

A
  1. forward flexion- 180 degrees
  2. extension- 50 degrees
  3. abduction- 180 degrees( away from midline)
  4. adduction- 50 degrees (coming back to midline, adding to midline)
  5. internal rotation- 90 degrees
  6. external rotation- 90 degrees
44
Q

What are dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder?

A

4 rotator cuff muscles “SITS” supraspinatus, infra spinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

45
Q

What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder?

A

= incapable for movement bone structure, ligaments of shoulder girdle itself, the labrum, glenohumeral ligaments

46
Q

What can cause scapular winging?

A

weakness in trap, or serratus anterior or never injury

47
Q

Shoulder adduction involves nerve roots________ to ________. What is the main muscle of adduction?

A

C5-T1
Pectoralis Major, though the Latissiumus and others contribute as well

48
Q

What is the positive findings for the cross over test?

A

Pain with adduction
AC joint tenderness and compression

49
Q

What is the positive apley scratch test mean?

A

Pain with both motions suggests rotator cuff disorder or adhesive capsulitis

50
Q

Neer impingement positive test

A

Pain- subacromial impingement, RTC tendonitis

51
Q

Hawkins-Kennedy positive finding

A

Pain – impingement of supraspinatus

52
Q

Gerber/Lift-Off positive test

A

Inability to move against resistance / keep hand in place (Subscapularis pathology)

53
Q

Shoulder- Supraspinatus (Empty Can) Test positive test

A

Supraspinatus weakness

54
Q

Shoulder- Glenohumeral Instability Tests

A
  1. Apprehension test- externally rotating shoulder, positive finding would be instability where they pt arm will feel like it will pop and watch for facial grimace
  2. Relocation Test- push their GH joint straight down, thats a positive relocation test, Confirms GH instability
55
Q

Shoulder- Speed’s Maneuver for Bicipital Tendonitis positive test

A

Biceps tendonitis, this will produce pain.

56
Q

Assessing ROM for elbow

A

Flexion(160 degrees);
extension (180 degrees);
pronation (90 degrees);
supination (90 degrees)

57
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

A

collection of fluid, some cases it needs to be drained

58
Q

Elbow nodules

A

-Subcutaneous nodules on the extensor surface of the forearm near the elbow
-Can be associated with Rheumatoid arthritis or gouty tophi

59
Q

Tinel sign– Elbow

A

trying to get ulnar nerve,starts at elbow going down pinky and ulnar aspect of ring finger.
positive is pain, numbness/tingling shooting down that aspect of fingers

60
Q

Positive Cozen Test

A

Lateral Epicondylitis
“tennis elbow”
Pain along extensior tendor/lateral epicondyle
- testing for tennis elbow remember tennis you use back hand, leading with lateral aspect of elbow.

61
Q

Positive Mill Test

A

Lateral Epicondylitis
“tennis elbow”
flexor muscle group,
Pain/Tenderness over medial epicondyle, tenderness over wrist flexors

62
Q

Assess ROM of hands/wrists

A

Flexion of fingers (90 degrees);
hyperextension of fingers (30 degrees);
flexion of wrist (90 degrees);
hyperextension of wrist (70 degrees);
rotation of hand (20 degrees);
ulnar motion (55 degrees)

63
Q

Heberden & Bouchard nodes

A

Bony overgrowth in distal interphalangeal joints, they are hard they are nontender usually 2-3 mm in diameter but can be larger, associated with osteoarthritis.
Distal- they are called Heberden nodules.
Proximal- Bouchard nodes

64
Q

Swan neck and Ulnar deviation and subluxation of
metacarpophalangeal joints are associated with

A

RA

65
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

Fusiform swelling or spindle shaped enlargement of the PIP
Extension/flexion then extension again.
associated with RA

66
Q

Why is it important to palpate the anatomic snuffbox?

A

scaphoid bone it is important because of fallen outstretched hand which can fracture scaphoid bone. This bone if fractures wont show up on initial imaging. missed fracture can cause avascular necrosis

67
Q

CTS

A

Channel beneath palmar surface of wrist and proximal hand
-Thumb/Finger flexors
-Median Nerve

Flexor Retinaculum
-Holds tendons in place
-Median N lives between flexor retinaculum and tendon sheath

68
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

ulnar aspect of the 4th digit and the pinky finger

69
Q

Weakness of with Thumb Abduction is associated with

A

CTS

70
Q

During thumb abduction, one is isolating the strength of

A

of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (innervated by median nerve)

71
Q

Hand & Wrist- Tinel’s Sign positive test

A

A tingling sensation radiating from the wrist to the hand in the distribution of the median nerve is a Positive Tinel sign suggestive of CTS

72
Q

Hand & Wrist – Phalens positive test

A

Numbness and paresthesia in the distribution of the median nerve suggestive of CTS

73
Q

Hand & Wrist- Allen Test

A

Release the occlusive pressure on the ulnar artery. You should notice a flushing of the hand within 5 to 15 seconds. This denotes that the ulnar artery if patent and has good blood flow. This normal flushing of the hand is considered to be a positive modified Allen’s test. If the hand does not flush within 5-15 seconds, it indicates that ulnar circulation is inadequate or nonexistent; in this situation, the radial artery supplying arterial blood to that hand should not be punctured. This is called Negative modified Allen test.

74
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

volar (palmar) surface:
-most of the palm and the other part of the 4th digit and the 2nd, 3rd digits and part of the thumb

dorsal surface
-the PIP on 2nd and 3rd digits

75
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

volar (palmar) surface
-part of the thumb

Dorsal surface
-most of the dorsum of hand and some of the 3nd, 2nd digits and the thumb

76
Q

Trauma

A

nerves, soft tissue, bones, joints; residual problems, bone infections

77
Q

Chronic illness

A

cancer, arthritis, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, osteoporosis, renal or neurologic disorder

78
Q

FH of arthritis

A

rheumatoid, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (back), gout

79
Q

Genetic disorders

A

osteogenesis imperfecta, skeletal dysplasia, rickets, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria

80
Q

slide 72

A
81
Q

Shoulder abduction involves nerve roots _______ to __________. What is the main muscle of abduction?

A

C5, C6. the deltoid

PCA (17 decks)

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