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PCA > Male Genitalia > Flashcards

Male Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

In uncircumsized males, the ______ is covered by loose hood-like fold of skin called ____________

A

glans, prepuce

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2
Q

Secretions of the glans can collect here_________. In uncircumscibed males it can get trapped in foreskin and can be a harbor of infection

A

Smegma

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3
Q

tunnel where vas deferens runs

A

inguinal canal.

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4
Q

The _________ is not palpable

A

inguinal canal

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5
Q

Triangular, slit-like just palpable just above and lateral to pubic tubercle

A

External opening- external inguinal ring

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6
Q

Phimosis

A

not able to retract foreskin over the glans

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7
Q

Paraphimosis

A

not able to retract the foreskin back down towards base of penis usually a lot of edema

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8
Q

Balanititis

A

inflammation of the glans

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9
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

glands and foreskin inflammation. Inflammation turns into bacterial or fungal infection

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10
Q

…………

A

congenital abnormality, seen after recurrent urethral infections and sexually transmitted pts

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11
Q

Priapism

A

prolonged penile erection, often painful. Most idiopathic but can occur in patients with leukemia and sickle cell disease or medications for impotence

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12
Q

Peyronie’s

A

curved penis

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13
Q

Two ways to palpate testes

A
  1. use thumb and first 2 fingers
  2. two handed technique
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14
Q

Testes should be sensitive to gentle compression but not:

A

tender, should feel smooth and rubbery and free of nodules

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15
Q

Transgender women may have testicles that have decreased in _________or completely_________

A

size , retracted

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16
Q

How do you compare spermatic cords?

A

cords at the neck of the scrotum by compressing each cord between the thumb and forefinger

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17
Q

Vas deferens should be smooth and discrete, should _______be beaded or lumpy in its course

A

NOT

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18
Q

Usually asymmetric left testicle has a longer spermatic cord and therefore is often _________

A

lower

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19
Q

The color of the scrotum is more ________than the rest of the body’s skin. If reddened could indicate ________ process

A

pigmented, inflammatory

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20
Q

Edema does not imply disease related to genitalia, but more likely consequence of general fluid retention associated with _______, ________ or _______

A

cardiac, renal or hepatic disease

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21
Q

Should the Epididymis be tender?

A

no

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22
Q

What do painless nodules indicate?

A

testicular cancer

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23
Q

Hernias

A

lifetime risk, more common in male population

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24
Q

Most hernias are _________

A

inguinal

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25
Q

Femoral hernias are more at risk for becoming

A

strangulated, worry about blood supply being compromised

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26
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

inserting finger in external ring, have pt cough and if you feel a hernia bulge against tip of finger because its within the inguinal canal. It may appear within the scrotum itself because it can drop. The pt able to reduce it themselves by laying position etc

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27
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

come through the side of inguinal canal (medial) You feel it on the side of your finger

28
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

palpate femoral artery then NAVEL this type is much less common than the first two. But this is a higher likelihood of strangulation and this is a surgical emergency.

29
Q

Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)

A

Single or multiple papules or plaques of variable shapes
Round, flat, pointed or thin

30
Q

Genital Herpes Simplex

A

Small scattered or grouped vesicles
1-3mm on glans or shaft
other systemic sx
Distinguish between herpes zoster occurring in dermatomal pattern

31
Q

Primary Syphilis

A

Small red papule that becomes a chancre- painless erosion
Heals in 4-8 weeks

32
Q

Chancroid

A

Red papule or pustule initially then forms painful deep ulceration with ragged margins

33
Q

Peyronie disease

A

irregular curvatre of penis
Fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum; may have pain with erection. H/o dupuytren contracture

34
Q

Penile cancer is a _____________ carcinoma originating in the ________ or ____________. Painless _____________ fail to heal

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, glans or foreskin, ulceration

35
Q

Spermatocele

A

Benign cystic accumulation of sperm occurring on the epididymis

36
Q

Varicocele

A

Abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Usually asymptomatic. Classically described as “bag of worms”

37
Q

Orchitis

A

Acute inflammation of the testis secondary to infection. Acute onset of testicular pain and swelling. Enlarged tender testis, erythematous and edematous scrotal skin

38
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis. Painful scrotum, urethral discharge, fever, pyuria. Epididymis feels firm and lumpy, tender

39
Q

Testicular cancer

A

Classified by the cells from which the cancer arises. Painless mass on testicle, sensation of heaviness in the scrotum. Irregular, nontender mass fixed on the testis. Does not transilluminate(taking pen light and shining it obliquely through a fluid filled structure like a varicoclce, it will transilluminate you will see light go through fluid collection, if it hits a fixed mass it wont light up)

40
Q

irregular non tender fixed mass=

A

cancer

41
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urethral meatus is located on ventral surface of the glans penile shaft/base of penis

42
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid accumulation in the scrotum. Painless enlargement or swelling. Common in infancy. Nontender, smooth, firm mass superior and anterior to the testes. + Transilluminates

43
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Twisting of testis on spermatic cord; testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. Acute onset of scrotal pain + with N/V.

44
Q

In _________ and ___________ the testis may be insensitive to painful stimuli

A

syphilis and diabetic neuropathy

45
Q

Lumps on the scrotum is commonly associated with __________________

A

sebaceous cysts (epidermoid cysts)

46
Q

One hand technique palpation of scrotum

A

Palpate each testis and epididymis

47
Q

Two handed technique of scrotum

A

Cradle testis at both poles using thumb and fingertips
Slide contents back and forth without changing hand position

48
Q

Name the hernia: most common, all ages and sexes. often in children, may occur in adults

A

indirect

49
Q

Name the hernia: less common, usually in men older than 40 years old, rare in women

A

direct

50
Q

Name the hernia: least common, more common in women than males

A

femoral

51
Q

Name the hernia: above the inguinal ligament near its midpoint, the internal inguinal ring

A

indirect

52
Q

Name the hernia: above the inguinal ligament, close to the pubic tubercle near the external inguinal ring

A

direct

53
Q

Name the hernia: below the inguinal ligament, appears more lateral than an inguinal hernia. Can be hard to differentiate from lymph nodes

A

femoral`

54
Q

Name the hernia: often into the scrotum

A

indirect

55
Q

Name the hernia: rarely into the scrotum

A

direct

56
Q

Name the hernia: nerve into the scrotum

A

femoral

57
Q

Name the hernia: it comes down to the inguinal canal and touches the fingertip

A

indirect

58
Q

Name the hernia: it bulges anteriorly and pushes the side of the finger forward

A

direct

59
Q

Name the hernia: the inguinal canal is empty

A

femoral

60
Q

Medications to be aware of if a patient presents with any s/s related to genitals

A

ED agents
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Recreational drugs
Testosterone supplementation (gels/ pellets, injection)

61
Q

Penile cancer risk factors

A

Infection with high-risk type of HPV
Lack of circumcision with failure to maintain good hygiene
Phimosis
Age – risk inc with age
Smoking (smokers with HPV even higher risk)
HIV infection
UV light treatment for psoriasis if genitalia exposed

62
Q

Testicular cancer risk factors

A

Undescended testicle – higher risk for both testes
Personal history of testicular cancer
Family history of testicular cancer
HIV infection
Age 20-34 years
Race: white 5 times that of blacks and more than 3 times of Asian Americans and native Americans
Androgen suppression

63
Q

The hernia is described as indirect if it lies __________ the inguinal canal

A

within

64
Q

Indirect hernia on one side strongly suggests a possibility of __________________ herniation

A

bilateral

65
Q

If a bulge is felt from medial to external canal, it is a _______________ inguinal hernia

A

direct

66
Q

Secretions from the prostate, vas deferans, and seminal vesicles contribute to the __________________

A

seminal fluid

67
Q

Systemic illnesses to look out for in patients with STI’s

A

fever
dysuria
joint pain
conjunctivitis

PCA (17 decks)

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