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Biochemistry > nucleotides and nucleic acid > Flashcards

nucleotides and nucleic acid Flashcards

1
Q

name the two types of bases

A

Purines

Pyrimidines

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2
Q

name purines

A

adenine

guanine

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3
Q

name pyrimidines

A

cytesisne
thymine
uracil

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4
Q

key features of bases

A

heterocyclic
both unsaturated
have conjugated double bonds
planar- reason can absorb UV

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5
Q

A bond to T how

A

2 hydrogen bondd

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6
Q

C binds to G how

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

what is a nucelSide

A

Sugar base

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8
Q

what is a nucleoside comprised of

A

ribose/deoxyribose

hetrocyclic base

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9
Q

what are neucleotides

A

phosphorylated derivatives of neucleosides

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10
Q

why do we have minor and major grooves

A

how the bases stack on top of each other

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11
Q

what is the distance of one complete turn

A

3.4nm

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12
Q

distance between one base pair

A

0.34nm

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13
Q

4 types of interaction that affect double helical interaction

A

stacking
hydrogen
hydrophobic
charge-charge

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14
Q

types of RNA

A

transfer TRNA
Messenger MRNA
Ribosomal RRNA
small RNA molecules

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15
Q

what is RRNA

A

integral part of ribosomes involved with gene expression

80% of total cellular DNA

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16
Q

what is TRNA

A

transfer RNA
carry activated amino acid to ribosome
15% total cellular DNA

17
Q

MRNA INTRON

A

removed in RNA splicing

18
Q

MRNA EXON

A

remains information which is carried in the MRNA to be translated into a protein sequence

19
Q

what is chromatin

A

Edna plus proteins

package DNA into compact form

20
Q

major protein of chromatin is

A

histones

21
Q

how many histones are there

A

5

22
Q

histone complexes are known as

A

nucleoSomes

23
Q

define initiation

A

correct assembly of relevant proteins at specific site

24
Q

define elongation

A

DNA replicates and strands grow

25
Q

define termination

A

protein machine dissasembled

daughter molecules separate and segregate into new cells

26
Q

what is polymerisation

A

addition of successive nucleotides to form DNA

catalysed by dna polymerase

27
Q

name the 2 strands of DNA replication fork

A

lagging

leading

28
Q

lagging strand key features

A

discontinuous, relies on RNA primers

short pieces in opposite direction

29
Q

leading strand key features

A

directs enzyme function continuous

30
Q

RNA primers are extended to produce?

A

okazaki fragments

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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