GLYCOLYSIS<3 Flashcards
what are the respiratory enzymes of glycolysis
PHOSPHOFRUKTINASE
HEXONKINASE
PYRUVATE
FILL THE GAPS!
the reactions the respiratory enzymes catalyse are ______ and have _____ as well as ______ roles
irreversible
regulatory
catalytic
regulation of glycolysis
glucose glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate fructose1,6biphosphate phosphophenyl pyruvate pyruvate (these are also irreversible steps)
regulation of glycolysis in muscle AT REST
not very active,
high concentration of ATP- this inhibits PFK and kexokinase,
glucose-6-phosphate converted to glycogen
regulation of glycolysis in muscle DURING EXERCISE
decrease in ATP and AMP ratio,
this decrease is because of muscle contraction activating phosphofructinase
this then triggers glycolysis
flux down pathway increased.
what is the process called that synthesises glucose from noncarbohydrate precursor
gluconeogenesis
when is gluconeogenesis especially important
in times of starvation or fasting
what does the gluconeogenic pathway do?
converts pyruvate to glucose
give an overview of glycolysis
- HEXOKINASE
- GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE- ALDOSE
- PHOSPHOFRUCTINASE-1
- ALDOLASE
- TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE
- GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
- PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE
- PHOSPHPGLYCERATE MUTASE
- ENDOLASE
- PYRUVATE KINASE
The ten steps can be divided into 2 stages what are they?
- hexose stage
2. triose stage
at which step is hexose cleaved to produce trioses
step 4! the C3-C4 bond of hexose cleaved
describe HEXOKINASE step one
transfer of a phsphoryl group from ATP to Glucose
irreversible
ATP-ADP
from glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
describe step 2 GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE
Glucose-6-phosphate = ALDOSE
enzyme is phosphoglucose isomerase
goes to fructose-6-phosphate = KETOSE
glycolysis in reverse!
2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ +2H+ —->
glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ + 2H+
where is main site go gluconeogensis?
LIVER and some in kidneys
