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Biochemistry > carbohydrates <3 > Flashcards

carbohydrates <3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

single, simple sugar building block

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2
Q

what do monoscarraides contain

A

2 hydroxyl groups

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3
Q

how do monosaccharides taste

A

sweet

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4
Q

how are monosaccarides classified?

A

depending on wether they contain an ALDEHYDE or KETONE group

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5
Q

whats the simplest monosaccharide

A

triose- 3 carbons

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6
Q

what do sugars contain

A

an aldehyde or ketone group plus 2 hydroxyl groups

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7
Q

aldehyde and ketone each contain —— group

A

carbonyl group C=O

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8
Q

in aldehydes the C is bonded to what?

A

one H and one C

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9
Q

in Ketones the C is bonded to?

A

two other C atoms

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10
Q

what is the simplest ALDOSE

A

GLYCERALDEHYDE

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11
Q

what is simplest KETONE

A

DIHYDROXYACCETONE (its chiral)

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12
Q

what is ketone group?

A

C=O

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13
Q

what is Aldose group

A

O=C-H

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14
Q

what do D and L stereoisomers refer to?

A

configuration of the asymmetric carbon furthest away from aldehyde or ketone group

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15
Q

tetroses and larger can cyclise but how?

A

through reaction of aldehyde or ketone group with hydroxyl group on another carbon atom of sugar

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16
Q

how can sugars link into chains?

A

all OH groups can react with OH groups on other sugar molecules –> sugar molecules can join to one another

17
Q

what are the major storage polysaccharides? and what do they store

A

glycogen- store homoglycan
starch - plant cells mix of amylose and amylopectin
Dextran

18
Q

name structural polysaccarides?

A

cellulose
glycogen
starch
glucocongugates

19
Q

describe glycogen and key features

A

storage form of glucose I’m mammals
highest level in liver and muscle
large branched glucose polymer
linked in long chains through alpha 1,4 bond

20
Q

starch

A

storage form of glucose in plants

2 polysaccharide forms; amlylose and amylopectin

21
Q

cellulose

A

structural polysaccaride in plants
unbranched polymer
humans can not digest cellulose
fibrils insoluble in water

22
Q

glucoconguagates

A

carbohydrate derivatives linked to other molecules

one or more carbohydrate chain covalently linked to peptide

23
Q

what are proteoglycans?

A

complexes of proteins and glycosaminoglycans found in connective tissue

24
Q

what are PEPTODGLYCANS

A

polysaccharide linked to small peptides

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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