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Biological Molecules > Nucleotides And ATP > Flashcards

Nucleotides And ATP Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of nucleotides?

A 
Energy currency (ATP) 
Building blocks for genetic inheritance (DNA and RNA)
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2
Q

What is a nucleotide composed of?

A

5 carbon pentose sugar
Nitrogen containing base
Phosphate group

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3
Q

Which sugar is in RNA?

A

Ribose

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4
Q

Which sugar is in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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5
Q

What are the different types of bases?

A

Purine

Pyrimidine

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6
Q

Give examples of purine bases.

A

Adenine

Guanine

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7
Q

How is a pyrimidine base different to a purine base?

A

It only has one nitrogen containing ring, purine has 2

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8
Q

Give examples of pyrimidine bases.

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

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9
Q

Which component of a nucleotide gives it a charge?

A

Inorganic phosphate ion gives a negative charge

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10
Q

What is the charge of a nucleotide?

A

Negative

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11
Q

Is a nucleotide acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

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12
Q

What reaction joins a nucleotide together?

A

Condensation

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13
Q

Where do chemical reactions in the cell take place?

A

Cytoplasm

Organelles

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14
Q

What molecule is the universal supplier of energy in cells?

A

ATP

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15
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

What is the composition of ATP?

A

3 phosphate groups
Ribose sugar
Adenine

17
Q

Where is the potential energy stored in an ATP molecule?

A

In the phosphate bonds

18
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP?

A

ATPase

19
Q

What are the products formed from the break down of ATP?

A

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

Free inorganic phosphate ion

20
Q

What is the energy produced by ATP used for?

A

Building up new molecules
Active transport
Nerve impulses
Muscular contractions

21
Q

What type of reaction is the break down of ATP?

A

Reversible

22
Q

Where does the energy needed to drive the synthesis of ATP usually come from?

A

Reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions

Biological Molecules (8 decks)

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