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Biological Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are organic molecules?

A

Molecules that contain a carbon atom

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2
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule consisting on smaller subunits called monomers

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3
Q

Why are carbohydrates important in the body?

A

Used for storing energy

In plants, fungi and bacteria they form part of the cell wall

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4
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A simple sugar where there is 1 O atom and 2 H atoms for every C

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5
Q

What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?

A

(CH20)n

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6
Q

Why are trisose sugars important?

A

Found in mitochondria

Glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration

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7
Q

Give examples of pentose sugars.

A

Ribose and deoxyribose

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8
Q

What are the properties of hexose sugars?

A

Often sweet tasting

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9
Q

Give examples of hexose sugars.

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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10
Q

What are the isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha

Beta

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11
Q

What are disaccharide?

A

Made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together

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12
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

2 monosaccharides are joined in a condensation reaction

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13
Q

Give examples of disaccharides.

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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14
Q

What is the bond called in that holds a disaccharide together?

A

Glycosidic bond

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15
Q

Which 2 monosaccharides join to form sucrose?

A

a glucose

Fructose

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16
Q

Which 2 monosaccharides join to make lactose?

A

a glucose

Galactose

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17
Q

Which 2 monosaccharides join to make maltose?

A

a glucose

a glucose

18
Q

Where is sucrose found?

A

Stored in plants

Eg sugar cane

19
Q

Where is lactose found?

A

It’s the main carbohydrate found in milk

20
Q

Where is maltose found?

A

Found in germinating seeds

Eg barley

21
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars?!

A

Benedicts : goes from blue solution to red precipitate

22
Q

What are sugars which do not react with benedicts solution called?

A

Non reducing sugars

23
Q

What is starch?

A

A long chain polymer formed of a glucose monomers

24
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Made of many monosaccharides units joined by condensation reactions

25
Q

Why are polysaccharides ideal for storage?

A

Can form very compact molecules - large numbers can be stored
The glycosidic bond is easily broken - allows rapid release of monosaccharide units for cellular respiration
Not soluble in water - don’t affect water potential

26
Q

What makes starch such an important as an energy sources in plants?

A

Insoluble
Compact
Can be broken down rapidly

27
Q

Which 2 compounds make up starch?

A

Amylose

Amylopectin

28
Q

What is amylose?

A

Unbranched polymer

As chain lengthens the molecule spiral

29
Q

What is amylopectin?

A

Branched polymer

Branching chains have many terminal glucose molecules

30
Q

What bonds are in amylose?

A

1,4 - glycosidic bonds

31
Q

What bonds make up amylopectin?

A

1,4 - glycosidic bonds

A few 1,6 - glycosidic bonds

32
Q

What is glycogen often referred to as?

A

Animal starch

33
Q

Which molecule is is chemically similar to starch?

A

Amylopectin molecules

34
Q

Which is the main bond in glycogen molecules?

A

1,6 - glycosidic bonds

35
Q

What makes glycogen able to be broken down rapidly?

A

It is very branched

36
Q

What is an important structural material in plants?

A

Cellulose

37
Q

Which molecules make up cellulose?

A

B glucose

38
Q

What are the hydrogen bonds of cellulose molecules known as?

A

Cross links

39
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

Long straight chains

40
Q

What is the definition of an oligosaccharides?

A

Molecules with 3-10 monosaccharide units

Biological Molecules (8 decks)

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