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Biological Molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Cell membranes

Energy storage

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2
Q

What are the differentiations of lipids?

A

Fats and oils

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3
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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4
Q

What is the bond between lipids?

A

Ester bonds is

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5
Q

What is the characteristic functional group at the end of a lipid molecule?

A

Carboxyl group (-COOH)

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6
Q

What is the displayed formula of glycerol?

A 
H          
              I           
H    -     C   -     OH 
              I            
H    -     C   -     OH
              I
H    -     C   -     OH 
              I
             H
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7
Q

How can fatty acid chains differ?

A

Length of carbon chain

May be saturated or unsaturated

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8
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

Only contains single covalent bonds (C-C)

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9
Q

Give an example of a saturated fatty acid.

A

Stearic acid

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10
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

The carbon chains have one or more double bonds (C=C)

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11
Q

Give an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

A

Linoleic acid

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12
Q

How is the ester bond formed between fatty acids?

A

Condensation reaction

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13
Q

Where does the condensation reaction occur (functional groups) between fatty acids?

A
  • COOH (fatty acid)

- OH (glycerol)

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14
Q

What is the name of the condensation reaction?

A

Esterification

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15
Q

What is the chemical composition of lipid molecules?

A

Many C-H bonds

Little O

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16
Q

What happens to lipids in respiration?

A

They are oxidised

17
Q

What happens as a result of lipid oxidation?

A

Bonds are broken

CO2 and H2O are ultimate products

18
Q

What is the function of oxidising lipids in respiration?

A

Used to drive the production of ATP

19
Q

What is the nature of lipids?

A

Hydrophobic

20
Q

What is the importance of lipids for organisms?

A

Oils waterproof fur and feathers of mammals and birds
Insects and plants use waxing for waterproofing outer surface
Good insulators
Low density - helps mammals float
Dissolve in organic solvents
Insoluble in water - don’t affect water based reactions in cells

21
Q

What is present in the cytoplasm of every cell?

A

Inorganic phosphate ions

22
Q

How is a phospholipid formed?

A

Esterification between phosphate group and hydroxyl group of glycerol

23
Q

What are the properties of fatty acid chains in a phospholipid?

A

Neutral

Insoluble in water

24
Q

What charge does the phosphate group of a phospholipid hold?

A

Small negative charge

Polar - hydrophilic

25
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

Phosphate head

26
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

Fatty acid tail

27
Q

What do phospholipids form in water?

A

A no player (heads in water tails away from water)

Micelles (head points outward, tail points inwards)

28
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids in a cell membrane?

A

Bilayer

29
Q

What is the definition of a fatty acid?

A

An organic acid with a long hydrocarbon tail

30
Q

What is the chemical name of glycerol?

A

Propane - 1,2,3 - triol

31
Q

What is the definition of a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid with only one double bond between C atoms

32
Q

What is a unit membrane?

A

A bilayer structure formed by phospholipids in an aqueous environment

33
Q

What is a hydrophobic molecule?

A

A molecule which will not dissolve in water

34
Q

What is a hydrophilic molecule?

A

A molecule which will dissolve readily in water

35
Q

What is a micelle?

A

A spherical aggregate of molecules in water with hydrophobic areas in the middle and hydrophilic areas outside

Biological Molecules (8 decks)

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