Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another name for nucleic acids?

A

Polynucleotides

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2
Q

Why are nucleic acids vital to organism survival?

A

The carry all the info needed to form new cells

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3
Q

What type of reaction links nucleotides together?

A

Condensation

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4
Q

What type of bonds form between nucleotides and between which parts of the nucleotide?

A

Phosphodiester bonds
Sugar on one
Phosphate group of other

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5
Q

What is common to all polynucleotides?

A

The have a hydroxyl group at one end and a phosphate group at the other

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6
Q

What is the name of the structure of a DNA molecule?

A

A double helix

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7
Q

Which base pairs with adenine?

A

Thymine

Uracil

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8
Q

Which base pairs with cytosine?

A

Guanine

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9
Q

How do bases stick together?

A

Hydrogen bonds form between amino and carbonyl groups of purine and pyrimidine bases

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10
Q

Which pair of bases has 3 hydrogen bonds?

A

Cytosine & guanine

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11
Q

Which pair of bases has 2 hydrogen bonds?

A

Adenine & thymine

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12
Q

How many base pairs are there for each complete twist of the double helix?

A

10

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13
Q

What are the two strands of DNA known as?

A

5’ (5 prime)

3’ (3 prime)

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14
Q

How are 5’ and 3’ strands named?

A

According to the number of the carbon atom in the pentose sugar to which the phosphate group is attached in the first nucleotide of the chain

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15
Q

Which molecule is free at the end of the 5’ strand?

A

Phosphate

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16
Q

Which molecule is free at the end of the 3’?

A

-OH

17
Q

What is the definition of a genome?

A

The entire genetic material of an organism