nucleic acids test Flashcards
how does a ribosome read mRNA?
one codon at a time
how many nitrogen bases in a row makes a codon?
3
what does mRNA translate to what is it translated by?
specific amino acids, tRNA
what does each tRNA carry?
its anticodon and a specific amino acid
how are amino acids bonded?
peptide bonds
when do the amino acids bond?
when the codons are read
start codon?
AUG
end codon?
one of three stop codons
what does a codon do?
buid a protein
transcription?
making a copy of DNA in RNA language (in nucleus)
transcription starts with a ______
DNA
Transcription 2nd step:
dna helicase “unzips” DNA molecule
3rd step of transcription
one strand is a template to make mRNA strand using RNA polymerase
4th step in transcription
dna and rna separate
step 5 in transcription
DNA reassembles
6th step in transcription
mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nucleus pores to find ribosomes
RNA translation codes
A-U
C-G
DNA translation codes
A-T
C-G
what is the process of protein synthesis?
translation
another name for protein chain
polypeptide chain
what happens to tRNA after it drops off its amino acids?
goes to find more amino acids
can mRNA be “reused”?
yes
anticodon?
on a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of 3 nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
base pairing?
two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a “rung of the DNA ladder”
chromatin
complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse
codon
3 nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; basic unit of genetic code
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
double strand helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
what does mRNA attach to?
ribosomes with rRNA
