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pre-ap biology > energetics test > Flashcards

energetics test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

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2
Q

what goes into glycolysis?

A

2ATP, 2NAD+, glucose

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3
Q

what comes out of glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvic acids, 4 ATP, 2NADPH

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4
Q

what happens after glycolysis if oxygen is available?

A

krebs/citric cycle

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5
Q

what leaves the pyruvic acid when going from glycolysis to krebs?

A

CO2

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6
Q

what goes into krebs?

A

acetyl CoA, citric acid

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7
Q

what comes out of krebs?

A

2ATP, 2CO2, NADH, FADH2

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8
Q

what comes after krebs cycle?

A

ETC (electron transport chain)

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9
Q

what goes into ETC

A

2NADH, FADH2, NADH

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10
Q

what comes out of ETC

A

32 ATP, H2O

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11
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

where does the krebs cycle occur?

A

matrix

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13
Q

where does ETC occur?

A

outer chamber on inter membrane (cristae)

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14
Q

what are the carriers for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis?

A

NADH

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15
Q

what happens after glycolysis when oxygen is not present

A

fermentation

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16
Q

what is the term when oxygen is not required

A

anaerobic

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17
Q

net gain of ATP in glycolysis

A

2

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18
Q

chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

6 O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

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19
Q

difference between photosynthesis equation and cellular respiration

A

they are reversed

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20
Q

what is alcoholic fermentatiom

A

used by cells such as yeast to produce CO2 and ethyl alocohol, producing two ATP

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21
Q

what is lactid acid?

A

the two pyruvic acid molecules from glycolysis are converted into two molecules of lactic acid. causing 2 ATP to form

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22
Q

what is the order of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC

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23
Q

how many total ATP molecules are produced by one glucose molecule, completing cellular respiration?

A

36

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24
Q

what molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC

A

oxygen

25
Q

what is the molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy?

A

ATP

26
Q

fermentation used by humans to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, and sauerkraut

A

lactic acid

27
Q

where do H+ ions build up as electrons pass down ETC?

A

intermembrane space

28
Q

what does the krebs cycle do?

A

breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP

29
Q

glucose formula?

A

C6H12O6

30
Q

the folded intermembranes inside a mitochondria are called what?

A

cristae

31
Q

similarities between mitochondria and chloroplast

A
  • generates energy
  • fluid filled spaces
  • double membranes
  • ETC in intermembrane
  • found in eukaryotes
32
Q

differences in mitochondria, not in chloroplast

A
  • cellular respiration
  • matrix
  • cristae
  • found in all eukaryotic cells
  • breaks down sugars
33
Q

differences found in chloroplast and not mitochondria

A
  • photosynthesis
  • stroma
  • thylakoid membrane
  • photoautotrophic cells
  • makes sugars
34
Q

does glycolysis use oxygen and where is it located

A

no, cytoplasm

35
Q

what happens to the electrons freed when the glucose molecule is broken apart?

A

go to ETC via NAD+

36
Q

after glycolysis, what two substances is formed from pyruvic acid

A

CO2, Acetyl CoA

37
Q

what substance forms citric acid

A

acetyl coA

38
Q

where is the krebs cycle? does it use oxygen?

A

matrix, yes

39
Q

ETC uses oxygen?

A

yes

40
Q

as electrons leap thru ETC they go from where to where?

A

inner cristae to outer chamber on intermembrane space

41
Q

how many total electrons are formed by cellular respiration? what is the net gain?

A

38 formed, 36 net gain

42
Q

ideal energy molecule produced by cells?

A

ATP

43
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

Adenine Triphosphate

44
Q

where is the energy in ATP stored?

A

bonds

45
Q

what does ATP become when some energy is released?

A

ADP

46
Q

photosynthesis equation?

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

47
Q

two chem. rx of photosynthesis?

A

calvin cycle, light rx

48
Q

where does light dependent reaction occur?

A

thylakoid membranes

49
Q

draw and label a chloroplast

A

parts- thylakoid, granum, stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane

50
Q

what is a pigment?

A

natural coloring of animal or plant tissue

51
Q

what is a photosystem?

A

protein in thylakoid membrane that clusters chlorophyll together

52
Q

how do electrons move to photosystem 1

A

ETC

53
Q

two other names of calvin cycle?

A

light independent rx, dark rx

54
Q

where does calvin cycle occur?

A

stroma

55
Q

what part of the photosynthesis equation goes into the light dependent rx?

A

6 H2O

56
Q

what part or photosynthesis equation comes out of the light rx?

A

6 O2

57
Q

what part of photo. = goes into dark rx

A

6 CO2

58
Q

what part of photo = comes out of dark rx?

A

C6H12O6

59
Q

what is the first step in cellular respiration

A

glycolysis

pre-ap biology (5 decks)

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