Nucleic Acids lab Flashcards
what are the 2 basic structural forms of nucleic acids?
- DNA
- RNA
Which among the two structural forms of nucleic acids provides a template for the transcription of another?
DNA
also the genetic material (of a cell, or an organism duh malamang)
Which among the two structural forms of nucleic acids are carriers of genetic information for protein translation?
RNA
Components of a nucleotide?
- Pentose
- Heterocyclic Nitrogen bases
- Phosphate group
Nucleic acids are comprised of 2 sugar types, what are they?
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose
- D-ribose
furan din daw 1 type idk why
the heterocyclic bases are attached to the sugar component by bonds called?
glycosidic bonds
The Carbon-1 of the sugar component attaches to the N-what of the nitrogenous bases?
“N-what” is nitrogen # what in its heterocyclic structure
- Purines = N-9
- Pyrimidines = N-1
The glycosidic bonds of purine bases are more susceptible to acid hydrolysis because of ____.
greater dipositivity
Purines are nitrogenous bases that are fused with what ring?
what do u call the 2nd ring?
imidazole ring
https://sciencenotes.org/purines-and-pyrimidines/
The phosphate group is attached to C-what of the sugar component?
C-5
carbon #5
what component of the nucleic acid accounts for its acidic and anionic (negative) character?
phosphate
when phosphoric acid forms a ____ bond with a nucleoside, the result is a compound known as a nucleotide.
phosphate ester bond
A phosphoester bond occurs when the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form an ester bonds. eh
The first phosphate group in ATP is connected via ester bond w/ the C-5 of the pentose and then the other two phosphate grps are joined together with ____ bonds.
phosphate anhydride bonds
the sugar-phosphate linkages forms the ____ of the nucleic acid with the 5’ end of one sugar molecule linked to the 3’ end of the adjacent sugar.
backbone
symmetrical backbone
What do you call the bonds that links nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain?
phosphodiester bonds
a phosphodiester bond occurs when* two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules* to form two ester bonds. eh
what do you call the bonds involved in the complementary base pairing in nucleic acids?
Hydrogen bonds
These are the bonds involved in pi-pi complexation and results in base stacking of nucleic acids. What do u call these bonds?
Van der Waal’s forces
or LDF (London Dispersion Forces)
What do u call the process of DNA purification from a sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods wherein the aim is to separate the DNA present in the nucleus of its cell from other cell components?
DNA Isolation
DNA Isolation is dependent on what factors of the sample?
2 lang cla (or tatlo maybe)
- source
- age & size
Nucleic acids are major components of cells. It comprises ____ to ____% of the cell’s dry weight
bakit walang wet weight? :<
5-15%
DNA Applications include ____ & ____, among others.
2 applis given sa ppt?
- Paternity testing
- Forensics
The presence of other components (proteins, lipids, etc.) may ____ DNA analysis methods and will ____ the quality of DNA leading to its shorter storage life.
interfere; reduce
In comparison to DNA, RNA is a single-stranded molecule and has the presence of a hydroxyl grp at C2, this makes RNA ____ stable.
more or less
less stable
What are the 4 factors to consider in nucleic acid isolation?
- DNA & RNA content
- DNAse & RNAse activity
- Large size & fragile nature of DNA (Intact vs Sheared)
- Stability between RNA & DNA
