Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis- Reynolds Flashcards
What is transcription?
Going from DNA to RNA
What is translation?
Going from RNA to protein
What does the 5’ end of DNA have on it?
A phosphate on the 5’ carbon
What does the 3’ end of DNA have on it?
A OH group on the 3’ carbon
What direction do you read DNA?
5’ to 3’
What are the pyrimidines?
C, U, T
What are the purines?
G, and A
Compare and contrast pyrimidines and purines.
Purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one
How many bonds are there between A and T?
Two
How many bonds are there between G and C?
Three
What is the structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
Ribose has an OH group on carbon 2, deoxyribose does not.
What is a nucleoside?
It is a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and a base
What is a nucleotide?
It is a nucleoside that has 1-3 phosphate groups as well
What kind of sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
Is the backbone of DNA hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic
What denatures DNA?
Heat, low pH, replication of DNA
What is Tm?
It is the temperature at which half of DNA denatures
What did the Hersey Chase Experiment prove?
That genes were comprised of DNA, not protein
What is required for tightly bound DNA?
Histones are proteins that DNA is wrapped around. The collective unit of DNA and histones is called nucleosomes
How many bp wrap around a subunit of a histone?
146 bp
What was the Meselson and Stahl Experiment?
It proved that DNA synthesis was semiconsevative
What is DNAa?
It is a replication initiation factor that also promotes denaturing
What is DNA helicase?
“unzips” DNA
What is SSBP or single stranded binding proteins?
They keep ssDNA apart during replication
What is topoisomerase?
uncoils the DNA
What is primase?
It synthesizes RNA primers for replication.
What is ligase?
It binds the pieces of DNA (Okazaki fragments)
What is DNA polymerase?
It adds on nucleotides
What polymerase does the majority of the replication?
DNA polymerase 3
What does exonuclease do?
It “proofreads” and corrects any incorrect Bp that are added
