Absorption and Metabolism of Carbs - Rosenberg

Question 1

What are the major carbohydrates?

Answer 1

starch, lactose and sucrose

Question 2

Starches contain what kind of monosaccharides?

Answer 2

alpha- D- glucose

Question 3

Amylose has what kind of linkages?

Answer 3

alpha-1,4 bonds

Question 4

Amylopectin has what kind of linkages?

Answer 4

alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 bonds

Question 5

Sucrose has what kind of monosaccharides?

Answer 5

alpha-D-glucose and a beta-D-fructose

Question 6

What bond does sucrose contain?

Answer 6

alpha, beta- 1,2 bond

Question 7

Lactose has what kind of monosaccharides?

Answer 7

beta-D-galactose and alpha-D-glucose

Question 8

Lactose had what kind of bond?

Answer 8

Beta-1,4 bond

Question 9

Trehalose is a sugar found in insects. What kind of monosaccharides are found in trehalose?

Answer 9

2 alpha-D-glucose

Question 10

Salivary amylase and Pancreatic amylase both break down the same thing. What does it break down and what are its products?

Answer 10

Both of the amylases break down amylose and amylopectin into maltose, maltotriose, oligosaccharides, and alpha-dextrins. It can break interior alpha-1,4 bonds

Question 11

What are the enzymes that break down sugars in the stomach?

Answer 11

There are none

Question 12

What needs to be secreted in the intestines to allow for enzymes to work efficiently?

Answer 12

Bicarbonate. Secretin tells the pancreas to secrete a solution of bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 13

What occurs in the luminal phase of digestion of carbs?

Answer 13

pancreatic amylase is secreted and breaks down interior alpha-1,4 bonds

Question 14

What occurs in the membrane phase of digestion of carbs?

Answer 14

Lactase, Trehalase, Glucoamylase, and Sucrase-Isomaltase all break down sugars into monosaccharides from the intestinal villi membrane

Question 15

What bond does Lactase break?

Answer 15

Beta-1,4 bonds

Question 16

What bond does Trehalase break?

Answer 16

Alpha, Alpha-1,1 bonds

Question 17

What bond does Glucoamylase break?

Answer 17

Exterior alpha-1,4 bonds from the non-reducing ends

Question 18

What bond(s) does Sucrase-Isomaltase break?

Answer 18

Alpha-1,4, Alpha-1,6, and Alpha, Beta-1,2 bonds

Question 19

What makes fiber different from other dietary carbohydrates?

Answer 19

It cannot be broken down by human enzymes. It needs to be broken down by colon bacteria

Question 20

What are the products of metabolizing fiber?

Answer 20

Short chain fatty acids, gas, and lactic acid

Question 21

Where does absorption of monosaccharides occur?

Answer 21

In the epilthelial lining of the small intestine

Question 22

Which transporter is Sodium Dependent?

Answer 22

SGLT
SGLT1- intestines
SGLT2- kidneys

Question 23

What does SGLT transport and how does it transport it?

Answer 23

SGLT transports glucose and galactose across the epithelial membrane. It uses Na gradient because the sugars are going from a low to high concentration

Question 24

Where is the site of GLUT1

Answer 24

GLUT1’s site is in the RBCs

Question 25

Where is the site of GLUT2 and what does it transport?

Answer 25

GLUT2 transports galactose, fructose, and glucose in the liver, pancreas and the intestines

Question 26

Where is the site of GLUT3?

Answer 26

GLUT3 is the major transporter of the CNS

Question 27

Where is the site of GLUT4 and what makes it special?

Answer 27

GLUT4 is in skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and adipose tissue. It is insulin dependent

Question 28

Where is the site of GLUT5 and what makes it special?

Answer 28

GLUT5 is in the intestines and in sperm. It transports fructose into epithelial cells.

Question 29

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

Answer 29

Abdominal bloating, cramps, gas, diarrhea