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Biology > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What three components make up a nucleotide?

A

Pentose sugar
Phosphate
Organic bases containing nitrogen

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2
Q

What are the five nitrogen containing organic bases?

A 
Adenine
Thymine 
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
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3
Q

How are the three components of a nucleotide joined together?

A

Condensation reactions

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4
Q

How are many nucleotides joined together?

A

Bonded together by phosphodiester bonds

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5
Q

What word do we use to describe base pairings?

A

Complementary

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6
Q

What are the bases in base pairings attached by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

What are the two complementary base pairings?

A

Adenine and Thymine

Cytosine and Guanine

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8
Q

How stable is DNA?

A

Very stable

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9
Q

How does the phosphate backbone make DNA stable?

A

Protects the organic bases

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10
Q

How do hydrogen bonds make DNA stable?

A

Hydrogen bonds link organic bases and form bridges between the phosphodiester uprights

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11
Q

In DNA what are the two strands in terms of eachother?

A

Antiparallel

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12
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Pass on genetic information

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13
Q

How is DNAs length adapted to pass on genetic information?

A

Very long so can carry lots of genetic information

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14
Q

Why is DNA reliable at passing on DNA?

A

Very stable so very rarely mutates

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15
Q

Why is DNA having hydrogen bonds between the pairs good to pass on genetic information?

A

The hydrogen bonds can separate ro form two seperate strands in DNA replication

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16
Q

Why is DNA’s structure good for protecting DNA?

A

The base pairs are protected by the sugar phosphate backbone

17
Q

Why are base pairings good for DNAs function?

A

Base pairings can transfer information mrna

18
Q

How is the structure of DNA and RNA different?

A

DNA double helix structure and double stranded sugar phosphate whereas RNA single stranded sugar phosphate

19
Q

What is the difference in the pentose sugar DNA and RNA contain?

A

DNA contains deoxyribose whereas RNA contains ribose

20
Q

How are the nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA different?

A

DNA contains A,T,C and G but no U whereas RNA contains A,C,G and U but no T

21
Q

What is the difference in length between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA is extremely long whereas RNA is relatively short

22
Q

How are DNA and RNA different in terms of stability?

A

DNA is more stable because deoxyribose doesn’t have a OH group on C2 so is less susceptible to hydrolysis whereas RNA contains ribose which does have a OH group so it is less stable

23
Q

What is the difference between where DNA and RNA are found?

A

DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell whereas RNA is found in the cytoplasm and is synthesised in the nucleus.

Biology (22 decks)

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