Nucleic acids

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

specialized for storage, transmission and use of genetic information, DNA and RNA

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

Monomers of nucleic acids

Question 3

Nucleosides

Answer 3

pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains deoxyribose, Adenine (A), Cytocine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T), 2 strands`

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

Ribonucleic acid, contains ribose, Adenine (A), Cytocine (C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U), 1 strand

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G), fused double‐ring structure

Question 7

Pyrimidines

Answer 7

Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T), 6‐membered single ring structure, for RNA, Uracil instead of Thymine

Question 8

Bond between 2 nucleotides

Answer 8

phosphodiester linkages

Question 9

How are phosphate groups linked

Answer 9

3’ carbon of one sugar to 5’ carbon of another sugar

Question 10

“Direction” nucleic acids are added

Answer 10

Nucleic acids grow in 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 11

Replication

Answer 11

duplication of genetic material, involves the entire DNA molecule

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 13

Translation

Answer 13

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).