Nucleic Acids 1.5 Flashcards
What type of mole use is a nuclei acid?
Polymer
What is a nucleic acids monomer?
Nucleotide
What is a molecule called if it contains many nucleotide?
Polynucleotide
What are the components of a nucleotide?
One phosphate one pentose sugar and one organic base
What bond holds the components of a nucleotide together?
Covalent bonds
What are the two types of organic based?
Purines and pyrimidines.
Which bases are pyrimidines?
Thymine and cytosine and uracil
What is the structure of a purine?
One hexagon with two nitrogen’s
What is the structure of a purine?
One pentagon with a hydrogen and one hexagon
What organic bases are purines?
Adenine and guanine
How do organic bases pair?
One purine to one pyrimidine
What must be made or broken for chemical reactions to occur?
Chemical bonds
What does heterotrophic mean?
Chemical energy is derived from food (like animals)
What does autotrophic mean?
Chemical energy is made from light energy being converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
What does atp stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
How does atp release energy?
It is broken down into adp and pi ( inorganic phosphate) so it is NOT an energy store.
How is atp synthesised?
When energy is made available the mitochondria will produce atp. This is then broken down when needed (eg. Muscle contraction)
What is the structure of atp?
- It is a nucleotide.
- One organic base which is ALWAYS adenine
- a pentose sugar (ribose)
- 3X negatively charged phosphate groups
What happens when organisms need energy?
Atpase will hydrolyse the bond between the second and third phosphate in the atp to remove the third phosphate. This produces adp +pi
What does adp stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
Which enzyme hydrolysed ATP?
ATPase
What is an exergonic reaction? Give and example
One that releases energy by breaking bonds. Eg. Hydrolysis if atp
What reaction makes adp + Pi into atp?
Condensation (removal of water)
What is the reversible reaction of atp and adp?
Atp+h2o => (hydrolysis) adp +Pi (+energy)
Vise Versa is condensation so the reaction is reversible.
What is and endergonic reaction?
Any reaction which requires and energy input.
What energy is released when atpase breaks the bonds in atp?
Free energy is released.
What is the function of ATP?
It transfers free energy from energy rich compounds like glucose to be used for cellular work.
How can ATP transfer of energy be inefficient?
Some energy is always lost through heat.
Where is energy in atp stored?
It’s chemical bonds.
How do cells use energy from atp?
- metabolic processes (dna synthesis)
- active transport
- muscle contraction
- nerve transmission
- secretion
How much energy is stored in ATP?
31kj
What are nucleic acids?
Polymers composed of nucleotides
