Nucleic acids 1.5 Flashcards
What is energy released by ATP used for?
-DNA/RNA synthesis
-Protein synthesis
-Active transport
-Muscle contraction
-Nerve transmission
Why is ATP so efficient?
-Universal
-Only one enzyme needed
-Release energy in small amounts
-Soluble and easy to transport
What is the structure of DNA?
-Anti parallel strands
-Hydrogen bonds between bases
-Sugar phosphate backbone
-Phosphodiester bonds
What are purines?
-Two rings
-Adenine and Guanine
What are pyramidines?
-One ring
-Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
What is the structure of mRNA?
-Long, single stranded molecule
-Synthesized in Nucleus
-Carries copy of DNA to ribosomes
-Each strand contains code for particular polypeptide
What is the structure of rRNA?
-Ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein
-Made in nucleus
-Site of translation
What is the structure of tRNA?
-Small single stranded molecule folded into clover
-Has amino acid attachment site
-Transport amino acids to ribosomes for translation
What are the functions of DNA?
-DNA replication
-Protein synthesis
Describe conservative replication
Of the two molecules formed, one contains original strands, and one contains new strands
Describe dispersive replication
Would produce 2 new DNA molecules with old and new sections along each strand
Describe semi-conservative replication
Would produce 2 DNA molecules, with one new strand and one old strand each
When does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
Describe DNA replication
1) Helicase unwinds double helix by breaking H-bonds
2) DNA polymerase catalyses addition of nucleotides to polynucleotide chain. Nucleotides have extra phosphate group to release energy to bond. Grows in 5’ to 3’ direction
What is the approved method of DNA replication?
Semi conservative
