biological compounds 1.1 (Carbohydrates)

Question 1

What are the 5 biological molecules?

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, water

Question 2

what key elements are present as inorganic ions in living things?

Answer 2

Magnesium Mg2+
Iron Fe3+
Calcium Ca2+
Phosphate PO4-

Question 3

What is the use of magnesium?

Answer 3

A constituent of chlorophyl

Question 4

What is the use of Iron?

Answer 4

Ion at the core of haemoglobin

Question 5

What is the use of Calcium?

Answer 5

Strengthen teeth and bones, forms a part of cellulose cell wall

Question 6

What is the use of Phosphate?

Answer 6

Found in all cell membranes, nucleic acid, and ATP

Question 7

What are Carbohydrates made of?

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 8

What are the three types of Carbohydrate?

Answer 8

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 9

What is the general formular of monosaccharides?

Answer 9

Cn(H2O)n

Question 10

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 10

one unit of sugar

Question 11

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 11

two monosaccharides joined together

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 12

When three or more monosacchraides are joined together

Question 13

What is the formula of triose?

Answer 13

C3H6O3

Question 14

What is the formula of pentose?

Answer 14

C5H10O5

Question 15

What is the formula of hexose?

Answer 15

C6H12O6

Question 16

What is the function of triose?

Answer 16

important in metabolism

Question 17

What is the function of pentose?

Answer 17

Nucleic acids

Question 18

What is the function of hexose?

Answer 18

energy (respiration)

Question 19

What is an example of triose?

Answer 19

glyceraldehyde

Question 20

What is an example of pentose?

Answer 20

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 21

What are the types of hexose?

Answer 21

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 22

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 22

condensation reaction

Question 23

How are disaccharides broken down?

Answer 23

hydrolysis

Question 24

What is the formula to make maltose?

Answer 24

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose + Water

Question 25

What is the formula to make Sucrose?

Answer 25

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose + Water

Question 26

What is the formula to make Lactose?

Answer 26

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + Water

Question 27

What bond do condensation reactions make?

Answer 27

a 1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 28

What is alpha glucose?

Answer 28

Hydroxide group is below the plane of the ring on carbon 1

Question 29

What is Beta glucose?

Answer 29

The hydroxide group is above the plane of the ring in Carbon 1

Question 30

What are the two types of starch?

Answer 30

Amylopectin (1,4 + 1,6 glycosidic bonds) & Amylose (1,4 glycosidic bonds)

Question 31

What are the properties and functions of starch?

Answer 31

Properties: Compact, insoluble, too large to transport Functions: Storage molecule in plant cells

Question 32

What is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 32

Structure: 1,4 +1,6 glycosidic bonds (can be hydrolysed more quickly)

Question 33

What is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 33

Structure: 1,4 glycosidic bonds, adjacent monomers flip 180°, Hydrogen bonds, chains group together to form microfibrils

Question 34

What are the properties of glycogen?

Answer 34

Compact, insoluble, too large to transport

Question 35

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 35

Storage molecule in animal cells

Question 36

What are the properties of cellulose?

Answer 36

High tensile strength, fully permeable

Question 37

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 37

Cell wall in plant cells

Question 38

What is the structure of chitin?

Answer 38

Adjacent monomer flip 180°, straight chain, hydrogen bonds (Has an amino acid group added to make a mucopolysaccharide)

Question 39

What are the properties of chitin?

Answer 39

High tensile strength, waterproof

Question 40

What is the function of chitin?

Answer 40

Cell wall in fungal cells, exoskeleton in insects