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biology > biological compounds 1.1 (Carbohydrates) > Flashcards

biological compounds 1.1 (Carbohydrates) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 biological molecules?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, water

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2
Q

what key elements are present as inorganic ions in living things?

A

Magnesium Mg2+
Iron Fe3+
Calcium Ca2+
Phosphate PO4-

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3
Q

What is the use of magnesium?

A

A constituent of chlorophyl

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4
Q

What is the use of Iron?

A

Ion at the core of haemoglobin

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5
Q

What is the use of Calcium?

A

Strengthen teeth and bones, forms a part of cellulose cell wall

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6
Q

What is the use of Phosphate?

A

Found in all cell membranes, nucleic acid, and ATP

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7
Q

What are Carbohydrates made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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8
Q

What are the three types of Carbohydrate?

A

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

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9
Q

What is the general formular of monosaccharides?

A

Cn(H2O)n

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10
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

one unit of sugar

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11
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

two monosaccharides joined together

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12
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

When three or more monosacchraides are joined together

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13
Q

What is the formula of triose?

A

C3H6O3

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14
Q

What is the formula of pentose?

A

C5H10O5

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15
Q

What is the formula of hexose?

A

C6H12O6

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16
Q

What is the function of triose?

A

important in metabolism

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17
Q

What is the function of pentose?

A

Nucleic acids

18
Q

What is the function of hexose?

A

energy (respiration)

19
Q

What is an example of triose?

A

glyceraldehyde

20
Q

What is an example of pentose?

A

ribose and deoxyribose

21
Q

What are the types of hexose?

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

22
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

condensation reaction

23
Q

How are disaccharides broken down?

A

hydrolysis

24
Q

What is the formula to make maltose?

A

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose + Water

25
Q

What is the formula to make Sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose + Water

26
Q

What is the formula to make Lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + Water

27
Q

What bond do condensation reactions make?

A

a 1,4 glycosidic bond

28
Q

What is alpha glucose?

A

Hydroxide group is below the plane of the ring on carbon 1

29
Q

What is Beta glucose?

A

The hydroxide group is above the plane of the ring in Carbon 1

30
Q

What are the two types of starch?

A

Amylopectin (1,4 + 1,6 glycosidic bonds) & Amylose (1,4 glycosidic bonds)

31
Q

What are the properties and functions of starch?

A

Properties: Compact, insoluble, too large to transport

Functions: Storage molecule in plant cells

32
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Structure: 1,4 +1,6 glycosidic bonds (can be hydrolysed more quickly)

33
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

Structure: 1,4 glycosidic bonds, adjacent monomers flip 180°, Hydrogen bonds, chains group together to form microfibrils

34
Q

What are the properties of glycogen?

A

Compact, insoluble, too large to transport

35
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Storage molecule in animal cells

36
Q

What are the properties of cellulose?

A

High tensile strength, fully permeable

37
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Cell wall in plant cells

38
Q

What is the structure of chitin?

A

Adjacent monomer flip 180°, straight chain, hydrogen bonds
(Has an amino acid group added to make a mucopolysaccharide)

39
Q

What are the properties of chitin?

A

High tensile strength, waterproof

40
Q

What is the function of chitin?

A

Cell wall in fungal cells, exoskeleton in insects

biology (13 decks)

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